The systemic nature of semiosphere organization correlates with the systemic nature of argumentation as human speech and thought activity. Argumentation is a part of semiotic continuum of human speech and thinking, forming complex subsystems of semiosphere. The paper aims at constructing the semiosphere of argumentation by identifying different approaches to its study. The authors conclude that argumentation as a logical-communicative process can be reviewed most clearly when analyzed in terms of S. Toulmin’s classification from logical, dialectical, rhetorical research perspectives. The functions of persuasion and the significance of the addressee are in this case prioritized. The pragma-dialectical approach used by the authors and its integrated nature of studying of argumentation as a speechthought activity, made it possible to transfer from logics and dialectics to cognitive-oriented research. Axioms (12), underlying approaches to the study of argumentation, were analyzed and classified according to the principles of action, practice, and activity, as applied to language, which has a speech-thought-activity character. Argumentation as a component of human thinking semiosphere is the most complex phenomenon given its multidimensional and multisystemic nature.
The article deals with the variants of the categorical situation of static property manifestation as the most frequent. We can reveal among them 3 variants: “The concrete animated property bearer — a predicated static property”; “The concrete unanimated property bearer — a predicated static property”; “The abstract property bearer — a predicated static property”. Each of them has its own qualities, but the first variant is not typical for English language to a greater extent than for Russian, that can be explained by English linguistic and cultural tradition. The second variant is the most widely distributed in the both languages that is explained by the genre properties of scientific style.
In modern linguistics, scientists are increasingly using a prototypical approach to the study of various linguistic phenomena. To study the category of property, we used a functional approach, using the concept of a categorical situation. The categorical situation of property manifestation has six variants of its functioning. A variant of the categorical situation «A concrete inanimate carrier of a property — a predictive property of a static nature» is defined as the prototype as the most consistent with the requirements for the prototype, both meaningfully and formally.
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