Background To produce patient-specific nasal implants, it is necessary to harvest and grow autologous cartilage. It is crucial to the proliferation and growth of these cells for scaffolds similar to the extracellular matrix to be prepared. The pore size of the scaffold is critical to cell growth and interaction. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the optimal pore size for the growth of chondrocytes and fibroblasts.Methods Porous disc-shaped scaffolds with 100-, 200-, 300-, and 400-µm pores were produced using polycaprolactone (PCL). Chondrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured after seeding the scaffolds with these cells, and morphologic evaluation was performed on days 2, 14, 28, and 56 after cell seeding. On each of those days, the number of viable cells was evaluated quantitatively using an MTT assay.Results The number of cells had moderately increased by day 28. This increase was noteworthy for the 300- and 400-µm pore sizes for fibroblasts; otherwise, no remarkable difference was observed at any size except the 100-µm pore size for chondrocytes. By day 56, the number of cells was observed to increase with pore size, and the number of chondrocytes had markedly increased at the 400-µm pore size. The findings of the morphologic evaluation were consistent with those of the quantitative evaluation.Conclusions Experiments using disc-type PCL scaffolds showed (via both morphologic and quantitative analysis) that chondrocytes and fibroblasts proliferated most extensively at the 400-µm pore size in 56 days of culture.
Background Thread lifting is one of the most common minimally invasive options in facial rejuvenation procedures. The application of polydioxanone (PDO) showed good results and fewer complications. PDO threads effectively strengthen the contour of the face, reduce roundness, and lift sagging skin due to collagen‐stimulating properties. Objective The purpose of this study was an evaluation of the efficacy of the PDO threads: the combination of the cog type and press cog type threads (Ncog and Nfix) and cog type thread (Ncog) alone. And this study was conducted to define complications related to thread inserting during the follow‐up period. Materials and Methods Thirty patients who underwent PDO thread treatment for facial rejuvenation and tightening sagging skin tissues were evaluated. The follow‐up period was seven months. Photographic objective and subjective evaluations were performed during this period. Results Thirty patients were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 51.8 years (range 65 to 34). There was a statistically significant difference between pre and 1‐month post‐operative results in both groups with a mean score of 1.94 ± 0.43 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the combination of Ncog and N fix showed slightly better results than Ncog alone. According to patient satisfaction, all patients were satisfied with the clinical outcomes. Conclusions Our results revealed PDO threads are effective in aged skin rejuvenation, soft tissue retraction, and support, showing fewer complications. In addition, it could be assumed that treatment with thicker thread could be a more efficacious procedure. However, this statement requires further researches.
Background Tear trough deformity, hyperpigmentation, and skin laxity of the lower eyelid make individuals appear fatigued and elderly. Many patients prefer less invasive, cosmetic correction of the aged lower eyelid. Polydioxanone (PDO)‐barbed threads introduced braided fine threads design, which works as a template for attraction of the regenerative factors and for cells' migration and proliferation. The purpose of this study was to estimate the outcomes of simultaneous additional application of braided type PDO threads (N‐scaffold) for aged lower eyelids' rejuvenation in patients, who underwent the midface PDO thread lifting. Materials and Methods A total of 30 patients with mildly loose skin in the facial area, who underwent the thread lifting using PDO threads, were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups, 15 patients per group. The first group underwent the midface thread lifting using PDO threads (“non‐SCA” group). The second group underwent midface thread lifting in combination with braided PDO threads for tear trough deformity improvement (“N‐scaffold” group). The results were evaluated subjectively, based on the patients' satisfaction rates, and objectively, by evaluating photographs. Results According to Barton's grading system, 7 months after the treatment, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups: 1.733 ± 0.74 in the non‐SCA group and 0.733 ± 0.83 in the N‐scaffold group (p < 0.05). Based on patients' self‐assessment, there was a significant difference at 7 months after the treatment: 2.86 ± 0.84 in “non‐SCA” group and 3.76 ± 0.90 in “N‐scaffold” group, p < 0.05. Complications such as persistent swelling, hematoma, skin irregularity, and infection were not observed during follow‐up assessments. Conclusion The application of braided type PDO threads (N‐scaffold) as part of the midface thread lifting, for aged lower eyelids rejuvenation appears to be effective and safe within a period. This study suggests that PDO threads insertion may be a useful, additional, and non‐invasive tool for the aged lower eyelids rejuvenation.
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