The paper examines the biographical, cultural and clinical influences on the "maternal turn" of Georg Groddeck, a German physician and correspondent of Sigmund Freud. It demonstrates Groddeck's influence on Sándor Ferenczi, Frieda Fromm-Reichmann and Karen Horney, each of whom influenced generations of psychoanalysts. The authors explore the resonance of Groddeck's work with several concepts of contemporary psychoanalysis and raise the question as to whether the roots of these psychoanalytic concepts were seeded by Groddeck's "maternal turn", passed on by the above psychoanalysts through intergenerational psychoanalytic training and further elaborated by later investigators who were not necessarily familiar with the work of Groddeck.
The life and works of Georg Groddeck are reviewed and placed in historical context as a physician and a pioneer of psychoanalysis, psychosomatic medicine, and an epistolary style of writing. His Das Es concept stimulated Freud to construct his tripartite model of the mind. Groddeck, however, used Das Es to facilitate receptivity to unconscious communication with his patients. His "maternal turn" transformed his treatment approach from an authoritarian position to a dialectical process. Groddeck was a generative influence on the development of Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, Erich Fromm, and Karen Horney. He was also the mid-wife of the late-life burst of creativity of his friend and patient Sándor Ferenczi. Together, Groddeck and Ferenczi provided the impetus for a paradigm shift in psychoanalysis that emphasized the maternal transference, child-like creativity, and a dialogue of the unconscious that foreshadowed contemporary interest in intersubjectivity and field theory. They were progenitors of the relational turn and tradition in psychoanalysis. Growing interest in interpsychic communication and field theory is bringing about a convergence of theorizing among pluralistic psychoanalytic schools that date back to 1923 when Freud appropriated Groddeck's Das Es and radically altered its meaning and use.
The paper reconstructs Ferenczi's unique and largely neglected physiology of pleasure. It highlights the prominent place of the libido in Ferenczi's writings, the transition from the physiology of use to the physiology of pleasure and the role of trauma in Ferenczi's work with a special emphasis on the beauty and plasticity of the body, the relations between its organs as well as the adaptive potential, the Orphic powers, and the natural vigor of the human organism. Ferenczi's theoretical assumptions and his powerful images of the human organism are examined in the light of Goethe's, Schopenhauer's, and Nietzsche's philosophies.
Der Artikel führt in das Leben von Sigmund Freuds Enkel Anton Walter Freud ein. Nach der Rekonstruktion seiner Jugend in Wien, der Familienbeziehungen und der Ereignisse, die zu der Emigration der Familie nach England führten, sowie nach der Darstellung der für Anton Freud sehr schwierigen Jahre bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges liegt der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung auf Anton Walter Freud als Nazijäger. Im Rahmen seiner Tätigkeit als britischer Armeeangehöriger des War Crimes Investigation Team (WCIT) verhörte Freud Nazitäter wie z.B. Anton Tesch, einen Angehörigen von der Firma Tesch & Stabenow. Tesch war verantwortlich für die Lieferung des Zyklon-B-Gases, mit dem in bestialischer Weise Millionen von wehrlosen Juden in deutschen Vernichtungslagern wie Auschwitz und Sobibor ermordet wurden. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt des Artikels stellt die Analyse des Films Nazijäger – Reise in die Finsternis dar (2022, Buch: Hannah und Raymond Ley; Regie Raymond Ley, Produzent Michael Kloft), der vom Ersten am 16. Januar 2022 ausgestrahlt wurde. Der Film und die vorgelegte Filmanalyse nehmen Anton Walter Freuds Rolle bei der Aufklärung der im KZ Neuengamme an Kindern verübten sadistischen Experimente und Mordhandlungen ins Visier. Der Bericht über Freuds Rückkehr in das bürgerliche Leben nach 1945 rundet den Text ab.
The correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Nikolay Y. Ossipov, a Russian psychoanalyst and emigré from the Bolshevik terror, was published for the first time in Germany in 2009. It reveals various ways in which psychoanalysis was first disseminated in Eastern Europe and sheds light on Ossipov's contribution to psychoanalysis, especially his concept of the ego's "cooperative complexity." Along with viewing the correspondence as a tool capable of liberating creativity and stimulating scientific production-a perspective that may open up a new and promising research field-special focus is placed on Freud's response to Ossipov's efforts to expand psychoanalysis and link it with literature and speculative philosophy. A leitmotif of the letters is the freedom of science and the different reactions of the two men to the threats posed by politics. Freud's warm and compassionate response to the precarious situation and creative efforts of Ossipov, the first analyst in exile, is examined.
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