Pleurotus ostreatus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium successfully to upgrade nutritional value of wheat straw in combined mixture with artichoke petals at different ratios (1:1, 1:3 and 3:1), using solid state fermentation technique. Treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus succeeded to increase protein content of wheat straw from 3.30% to 10.85 when it was mixed with artichoke petals at ratio of 1:1 and fermented for 30 days,While Phanerochaete chrysosporium increased crude protein content of wheat straw to 11.10%. Pronounced degradation of hemicellulose and lignin was recorded, when wheat straw was mixed with artichoke petals at different ratios (1:1, 1:3 and 3:1). In addition, treatment of wheat straw white rot fungi improved in vitro digestibility when artichoke petals were added. The present study indicated that fungal treatment of wheat straw when mixed with artichoke petals improved the nutritive value and digestibility of poor quality roughages and produced a nutritionally valuable feed replacing good quality roughage for ruminants.Further studies are recommended to test the digestibility coefficients of the treated materials through metabolism trials.Also feed trial is needed to estimate their trend on platability; feed intake, live body gain, feed conversion and economic efficiency.
This trial aimed to study the effect of using dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS) at different levels as partial substitute for protein sources in rations of lactating Friesian cattle. Twenty five Friesian cows were chosen and used in feeding trial (which lasted 210 days) during year of 2011. Animals were divided into five similar groups, which received concentrate feed mixture containing DDGS at rate of 0, 11, 16, 21 and 27% to cover 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of the dietary protein content, respectively. In addition, berseem hay and wheat straw were offered. The percentages of feed offered from the concentrate feed mixture, berseem hay and wheat straw were 70, 20 and 10%, respectively, according to NRC (2001). Milk yields of experimental animals were determined and analyzed. Also, samples of rumen liquor and blood were collected and analysed. Feed and economical efficiencies were estimated. Additionally, five digestibility trials were carried out using three Friesian cows in each treatment to determine the digestion coefficients and nutritive values of different experimental rations using insoluble ash technique (AIA) as a natural marker. The results obtained were as follows: 1-The DM consumption increased with increasing dietary DDGS levels. In addition, digestibility was significantly (p<0.05) higher for all nutrients except EE. However, increasing DDGS levels in experimental rations from 11 to 16% or from 21 to 27% did not have significant effect on nutrient digestibility and nutritive values expressed as TDN (%) or DCP (%). 2-Actual milk and 4% fat corrected milk yields increased with increasing DDGS levels in the rations of lactating Friesian cows, while increasing DDGS levels from 11 to 16% or from 16 to 21% did not have significant increase in milk yield, but increasing DDGS levels from 21 to 27% tended to significant (P<0.05) higher in both actual milk and 4% FCM yields with rate of 5.86% and 4.75%, respectively. 3-Fat and protein percentages of milk and their yields were affected by adding DDGS in ration. However, % total solids (TS%) and solid not fat (SNF%) were not affected, while their yields showed significantly, (P<0.05) increase with increasing DDGS levels in rations. 4-Animals fed ration E (containing 27% DDGS) were the best group in feed utilization efficiency expressed as kg DM per kg milk (1.015 kg) or 4%FCM (1.043kg). 5-Feed cost per kg of both milk and 4% FCM decreased with increasing DDGS levels in ration of lactating Friesian cows. Animals fed the cheapest ration (Ration E, containing 27% DDGS) gave the highest net revenue and the best economic efficiency. The improvements in net revenue and economic efficiency were 48.59% and 32.22%, respectively. 6-Increasing DDGS levels up to 27% in the ration of lactating Friesian cows significantly (P<0.05) increased total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), Etman, K. O. E. et al. 524 proteinnitrogen (PN) and VFA's concentrations in rumen liquor. Also, GOT and GPT concentrations in blood serum were significantly (P<0.05) higher, while differ...
Mouhamed el hweity,. (a) Galila a.m.a darwish,. (b) Bakr .a.a,. (b) Abd-elhamid, a.a,. (c) Osama hassan mohamed (b) (a) depart., faculty of agric.; mounofiya univ,mounofiya; (b) regional center for food and feed, agricultural research center, giza, egypt. (c) institute for animal production, agricultural research center, giza, egypt. ABSTRACT he increasing expansion of water hyacinth plant activity over year has led to the accumulation of large quantity their in the Nile River due to prohibit a lot of rile water and light from organisms living in the Nile, and consuming nile water. Recently, the world used water hyacinth leaves to absorbe the metal ions from waste water. In this study we used this to upgrade nutritional value of some lignocellulosic matertials such as rice straw and banana leaves. The lignocellulosic residues can be used without any chemical or biotechnology pretreatment (control) or can be hydrolyzed before any fermentation, then the subsequent can result in a product with high protein content as well as high digestibility compared to non added residues. In this study, we made mixture combination water hyacinth leaves to rice straw or banana leaves with different ratios (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g water hyacinth leaves/100g rice straw or banana leaves). All treatments gave a good results, but treatment added 30 g water hyacinth leaves / 100g rice straw or banana leaves is the better than all. The increasing in protein content from 2.30%, 12.50 % (control) to 10.00%, 17.10 % and decreasing in fiber fraction sepically, cellulose and lignin. Cellulose decreased from 33.30 %, 26.30% to 22.00%, 19.35% and lignin decreased from 11.60%,8.50% and 5.95%, 5.35% in rice straw and banana leaves, respectively. In vitro digestibility studies indicated significantly (P< 0.05) higher values for treatment added 30% water hyacinth leaves in the rice straw and banana leaves , respectively, to produce feed non traditional for animals. Pleurotus ostreatus was used to upgrade nutritional value of rice straw, banana leaves and water hyacinth leaves by using different amounts of Pleurotus ostreatus inoculum, in solid state fermentation technique. The chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the resulted protein enriched product were determined. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin showed gradual decrease with increasing inoculums of Pleurotus ostreatus , however, in vitro disappearance increased.
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