We propose a new electrode structure for the fringe-field switching mode, which not only has a smaller color shift but also transmits more light than the chevron-type structure. While the chevron-type electrode structure mainly uses the different directions of the electric field, the proposed structure makes use of position-dependent strengths as well as different directions of the electric field. Position-dependent electric field strengths bring about rotation of LCs different from position to position in a pixel, which further reduce the color shift by using the multi-domain effect.
This paper describes a new GaAs-based surface-micromachined microstrip line supported by dielectric posts and with an air gap between the signal line and the ground metal. This new type of dielectric post and air-gapped microstripline (DAML) structure was developed using surface micromachining techniques to provide an easy means of air-bridge connection between the signal lines and to achieve low losses in the millimeter-wave frequency band with a wide impedance range. Each DAML is fabricated with a length of 5 mm. By elevating the signal lines from the substrate using micromachining technology, the substrate dielectric loss can be reduced. Compared with conventional microstrip transmission lines, which show over 10 dB cm −1 loss, the loss of a DAML can be reduced to 1.1 dB cm −1 at 50 GHz.
So far there is little understanding of the physicochemical properties of the nematic phase of V-shaped bent-core liquid crystalline (VBLC) molecules. We have synthesized VBLC molecules based on a 2,3naphthalene central unit, varying the carbon number of the flexible alkyl chains (n ¼ 2, 6 or 12) to extend the nematic range. We examined the polar and biaxial properties of the nematic phases for two homologous molecules with n ¼ 6 and 12.
We propose a method to confirm the biaxial phase in thermotropic nematic liquid crystals from measurement of the electro-optic characteristics. The electro-optic transmittance curve shows monotonic decrease to zero in the uniaxial phase but the curve shows a U-shaped behavior (or a monotonic decrease to nonzero transmittance) in the biaxial phase. In a bent-core mesogen 4,4′(1,3,4oxadiazole2,5diyl)dipheptylbenzoate (ODBP-Ph-C7), known to be in the nematic phase at temperatures between 173 and 222 °C, it has been found that its electro-optic curve at 190 °C shows a U-shaped behavior, while the curve at 210 °C shows a monotonic decrease to zero transmittance. We believe that these experimental results confirm the biaxial nature of ODBP-Ph-C7.
We studied the effects of the electrode structure and rubbing angle on the electro-optic characteristics of an in-plane switching (IPS) cell. We found that the threshold voltage and the steepness of the voltage–transmittance (reflectance) [V–T(R)] curve for an IPS cell can be controlled separately by varying the distance between electrodes and the rubbing angle, respectively. We applied these results to realize a single gamma in a transflective IPS cell.
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