An environmentally benign solvent free synthesis of various spiro-1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) incorporating 2-oxindole/piperidines is performed in 5-8 min with reasonable purity in 80-90% yield under microwave irradiation using montmorillonite KSF as an inorganic solid support. The reaction is found to be general with respect to various cyclic carbonyl compounds, e.g. cyclohexanone, substituted indole-2,3-dione, and piperidinone derivatives. In our study, these compounds were also found effective against dermatophytes and other fungal organisms. Our results suggest that novel spiro derivatives can be used for the treatment of dermatophytosis or ringworm infections.
Watermarking has been used frequently to authenticate the accuracy and security of the image and video files. In the world of computer technology, several watermarking strategies have developed during the past 20 years. Integrate a picture of identity that is not always concealed, such that no detail is not possible to delete. A monitoring code can also be used to deter unauthorized recording equipment. Another application is the watermark copyright control, which works at stopping the creator of the image from stealing photos unlawfully. A watermark is a promising option for the copyright transcendence of multi-media files, as embedded messages are still included. Due to the limits of fidelity, a watermark may be implemented in a small multimedia data space. There is no proof that Automated Watermarking technologies will fulfil the ultimate purpose of the cleaners of all sorts of copyright security operations to gather knowledge from the data they obtain. Relevant situations may be deemed more fairly expected with the usage of automated copyright marking technologies. A perfect device will not be able to add a digital watermark without the limit, which does not supply the whole object with details. In this work, a modern technique for watermarking includes injecting two or more messages or photographs into a single picture for protection purposes and repeating a similar procedure for N-frames for authentication in the film.
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