An eight-year-old female greater kudu ( Tragelaphus strepsiceros) was found dead in its exhibit at the Baton Rouge Zoo. No previous medical problems were noted. At necropsy, the kudu was pregnant with a full-term fetus. The left kidney had a firm, dark red, slightly raised, circular (2 cm in diameter) neoplasm in the outer cortex. On section it was more friable than normal and contained bloody areas of cavitation and necrosis ( fig. 1). The rest of the kidney appeared paler than normal. The left caudal lung lobe had a firm white nodule 3 cm in diameter beneath the pleura of the dorsal aspect. There was moderate lysis of the articular cartilage of both femoral heads and acetabula and bony proliferation along the dorsal aspects of the necks of both femurs.Microscopically, the renal neoplasm was well encapsulated. It was composed of epithelial cells arranged into tubules, papilliform patterns or solid sheets ( fig. 2) surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. In pockets within the neoplasm was a proteinaceous fluid that contained fibrin and erythrocytes. Neoplastic cells were slightly pleomorphic; most were cuboidal to polyhedral while those close to and invading the capsule were elongated and distorted. The neoplastic cells had a large, basilar placed, open-faced nucleus with a prominent nucleolus and large amounts of pale foamy cytoplasm which was vacuolated in the basilar region. Nuclear pleomorphism was common but mitotic figures were scant.The remaining renal cortex had evidence of moderate inflammation with interstitial fibrosis and multifocal accu-H. W. CASEY, and G. J. PIRIE mulations of lymphocytes. Many tubules as well as some Bowman's spaces were dilated and contained proteinaceous fluid. Autolysis was too advanced to interpret tubular epithelial changes accurately.The nodule in the lung was composed of dense connective tissue infiltrated by small numbers of poorly differentiated cuboidal epithelial cells arranged into tubules. The cells were usually smaller than those in the kidney and had more condensed eosinophilic cytoplasm but the basilar location of the nucleus and cytoplasmic vacuolation were similar. The surrounding pulmonary parenchyma was normal. The thyroid glands had the only other significant changes. In both lobes there was marked variation in the size of follicles-some were 1.75 mm in diameter. The walls of many of the smaller follicles had focal hyperplasia and colloid stained unevenly. The combined diagnosis for the animal was renal cortical carcinoma with probable pulmonary metastasis, chronic interstitial nephritis, nodular goiter and mild to moderate bilateral osteoarthropathy of the coxofemoral joints.Neoplasms in zoo animals have been summarized in several recent surveys.A renal carcinoma has been reported on one previous occasion in an aged (2 10 year old) female greater kudu.' In the case presented here, the neoplasm seemed to have metastasized to the lung but because of autolysis we could not definitely rule out an old scarred area that contained hyperplastic alveolar and bronchio...
Prom. The inhibitory effect of A CTH 1-10 on extinction of a conditioned avoidance response: its independence of thyroid function. [355][356][357][358] 1968.--Theeffect oftheAC'rH analogue ACTH 1-10 was studied on the rate of extinction of a pole jumping avoidance response in thyroidectomized rats with or without replacement therapy with l-thyroxin. ACTH 1-10 appeared to delay the rate of extinction of the CAR in thyroidectomized rats in a similar way as in sham-operated animals. ACTH 1-10 was also active in thyroidectomized rats treated with thyroxin. The thyroxin treatment itself also caused a significant delay in the rate of extinction of the CAR. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of AC17-I analogues on the rate of extinction of the CAR is not mediated by the thyroid gland. ThyroidectomyACTH analogue (ACTH 1-10) Extinction Pole jumping avoidance response IN P.ECENT years attention has been focused upon the effect of ACTH and related peptides on conditioned avoidance behavior [1,17,19,22,28,29]. These peptides delay extinction of a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in rats. Similar ACTH-analogues have been shown to stimulate thyroid gland activity [3,7,9,27]. The thyroid seems implicated in acquisition and retention of avoidance behavior as well as in spontaneous behavior [2,12,13,14,15,16,18,21,23,24]. It might be possible therefore that ACTHanalogues exert their influence on avoidance behavior by mediation of the thyroid gland. For this reason, experiments were performed on the effect of an ACTH-analogue (ACTH 1-10) on the rate of extinction of an avoidance response in adult thyroidectomized rats with and without replacement therapy with thyroxin. MATERIALS AND METHODSMale white rats of an inbred Wistar strain weighing between 105 and 120 g were used. Thyroidectomy was performed under ether anesthesia. An incision in the skin above the trachea was made. The thyroid gland including the parathyroids was carefully dissected free from the trachea and removed. Sham-operated rats served as controls. Animals were allowed to recover from the operation for I0 days. Thereafter avoidance conditioning was begun. The efficacy of the operation was determined by macroscopic inspection of the trachea region for thyroid remnants at the end of each experiment. Data from animals with remnants were dis-
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