A competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantification of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (EC 3 1 1 8) substance concentration in avian serum samples is described The assay is based on polyclonal (rabbit) anti pigeon BChE coupled with biotin The binding of the biotinylated antibody to immobilized antigen is competitively inhibited by an added standard or test antigen, and the amount of label bound antibody is inversely related to the concentration of antigen The assay yields positive reactions with as little as 0 15 ng/ml of antigen The assay was employed to investigate changes in the quantities of BChE in avian serum, following exposure to organophosphorus insecticides, which are not measured by the standard bioassay of this enzyme The applicability of the assay to metabolic and toxicological studies is demonstrated, and the de termination of the specific activity of BChE is recommended as a rational diagnostic tool after measurement of both activity and concentration of the enzyme
The toxicokinetic interactions between the ergosterol‐biosynthesis‐inhibiting (EBI) fungicides prochloraz, propicon‐azole, and penconazole and the organophosphorus (OP) insecticides dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon have been studied in the hybrid red‐legged partridge. The inhibition of serum butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity provided a useful biochemical indicator of the generation of the toxic oxon metabolites of these OP insecticides. Birds pretreated with 180 mg/kg prochloraz tended to show a greater inhibition of serum BuChE activity at 1, 4, and 24 h following oral exposure to either of the OPs dimethoate (3 mg/kg) or chlorpyrifos (9 mg/kg) compared to birds pretreated with corn oil. Prochloraz‐pretreated birds also showed a tendency toward an increased inhibition at 24 h following dosing with the OP diazinon (4.3 mg/kg) compared to corn oil controls. In the case of dimethoate, the inhibition of serum BuChE activity was significantly greater in treated birds than controls at 24 h. Birds pretreated with the EBI fungicide propiconazole (200 mg/kg) showed a similar inhibition of serum BuChE activity to those pretreated with corn oil following administration of 167 mg/kg malathion. Pretreatment with the EBI fungicide penconazole (200 mg/kg) produced significantly greater depression of serum BuChE activity at 1, 4, and 24 h after dosing with malathion, when compared to corn oil controls. The tendency toward increased inhibition of serum BuChE activity by each of the OPs in prochloraz‐pretreated birds was attributed to an increased activation of the compound to its active oxon form as a consequence of induction of microsomal monooxygenases by prochloraz.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.