No abstract

This study utilizes an applied approach to obtain novel ZMS-5 nanocrystals with mesoporosity using an organosilane as an additive.

To reduce cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the grains of rice Chuang-5S (C5S), a gene OsHMA3 and a QTL qlGCd3 related to low-Cd accumulation were separately introgressed into the recipient parent C5S (male sterile line) by molecular markerassisted breeding. The recurrent parent C5S was then replaced by NIL (near-isogenic line)-C5S with the blast resistance gene Pi48 or Pi49 to construct the BC 2 F 1 generation. Finally, two groups of improved materials of C5S, which pyramided the gene/QTL associated with low-Cd accumulation and blast resistance gene, were developed. The Cd accumulation, agronomic traits, genetic background and blast resistance of these improved C5S materials were evaluated. The results showed that the average Cd content of improved C5S material carrying OsHMA3 and qlGCd3 was, respectively, reduced by 52.8% and 50.8% compared with that of C5S, indicating that the gene related to low-Cd accumulation was, successfully, transferred to C5S with stable expression. The main agronomic traits of the improved materials were consistent with those of C5S. Besides, the improved C5S lines showed stronger blast resistance than C5S and more than 88% similarity to the genetic background of C5S. These two groups of improved materials may be further utilized for the breeding of advanced male sterile lines or superior hybrid rice.

BackgroundNitrogen oxides (NOx) can result in a series of environmental issues (haze, photochemical smog and acid rain) that endanger human health. Currently, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with ammonia (NH3‐SCR) has been considered to be one of the most efficient techniques to eliminate NOx.ResultsNovel Co‐modified chromium/cerium (CrCe) catalysts were synthesized by the citric acid method to improve their insufficient SCR activity and sulfur dioxide (SO2) resistance for NOx removal at middle–low temperatures. Cobalt (Co) addition could significantly increase the catalytic activity of CrCe catalysts, and the 5CoCrCe catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity with ≤95% NOx conversion and >80% N2 selectivity within 180–280 °C. In addition, the 5CoCrCe catalyst exhibited outstanding SO2 resistance as well as reversibility, with >90% NO conversion under 600 ppm SO2 for 510 min.ConclusionIt was determined by characterizations that Co addition can increase SSA, Cr6+ concentration, electron transfer between Co and Cr by redox cycle (Cr6+ + 4Co2+ ↔ 4Co3+ + Cr2+) and the redox properties of the CrCe catalyst. The 5CoCrCe catalyst surface consists mainly of Lewis acid and its NH3‐SCR reactions follows the Eley–Rideal (E–R) mechanism. The 5CoCrCe catalyst exhibited outstanding SO2 resistance due to higher Cr3+, Ce3+ and Oα concentrations and strong redox cycles (3Ce4+ + Cr3+ ↔ 3Ce3+ + Cr6+ and Cr6+ + 3Co2+ ↔ 3Co3+ + Cr3+). Furthermore, in situ DRIFTS results revealed that SO2 could induce more adsorbed NOx and NH3 species instead of bulk sulfate, which also was responsible for good SO2 resistance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.