Thin films of amorphous Se90-xSb10Inx and GeSe have been
prepared by electron beam evaporation technique. The effect of irradiation
of GeSe and Se90-xSb10Inx (x = 0, 5, 10, 15) thin films on
the optical energy gap and dc activation energy has been investigated
for different doses of 12C5+ and 107Ag14+,
respectively, at 1012 and 1013 ions cm-2. The optical band gap
of GeSe decreases from 1.70 to 1.43 eV on irradiation with a dose of 1013 ions cm-2. Similar change was observed in Se90-xSb10Inx thin films. The value of dc activation energy also
decreased with the increase in radiation dose. The results are explained by
considering the energy deposited due to the electronic energy loss upon
irradiation with heavy ions, which modifies the properties of the material.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the job satisfaction level of universal bank employees in India. It focusses on identifying the factors of job satisfaction and their influence on the overall job satisfaction of universal bank employees.
Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected from a sample of 380 bank employees using convenience sampling technique.
Findings
– The results of exploratory factor analysis reveal that eight factors, i.e. workplace environment, supervision, cooperation from peers, work discrimination, employee acceptance, work allocation, job security and remuneration extracted as important determinants of job satisfaction. The results of multiple regression analysis shows that supervision, cooperation from peers, work allocation and employee acceptance (independent variables) influences the level of job satisfaction (dependent variable of bank employees.
Originality/value
– Since liberalization, banking sector is considered to be one of the major recruiters. People prefer bank as a career and social status. In order to further improve the satisfaction level of bank employees, bank management should provide regular feedback to the employees about their performance. In the absence of feedback, employees will be discouraged because they do not know how they are doing or may believe their contribution is unacknowledged. The most important factor effecting employee satisfaction with their job is their immediate supervisor. Many employees dislike their supervisor though they like the work they do. To make employees happier in their position, stay longer and the most important to ensure that customers receive better services, banks must start improving the management skills of supervisors.
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that have an impact on customer satisfaction as regards the working of select Indian universal banks. Design/methodology/approach -The study was conducted using the survey method. Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire from a sample of 456 respondents. Findings -The major findings of the study show that customer satisfaction is influenced by seven factors: employee responsiveness, appearance of tangibles, social responsibility, services innovation, positive word-of-mouth, competence, and reliability. The results of multiple regression showed that three variables: social responsibility, positive word-of-mouth, and reliability, are statistically significant in the model at 5 percent significance level that have an impact on the overall satisfaction of the customer.Research limitations/implications -The study suffers from a regional bias since it covers only Punjab and Chandigarh. The results do not have general applications to different banks in the same sector and the same banks in different cities of India. Increased sample size and multi-city sampling can be considered for future research for better generalization of the findings. Results would be more appropriate if the sample size could be large. These limitations offer an opportunity for further research.Originality/value -The study is quite useful for understanding and comprehending the changes in customer banking behaviour, so to enable the policy makers to develop appropriate and adaptive strategies. The paper provides determinants of customer satisfaction. With an effective customer satisfaction research program, banks will be able to encash business, i.e. gain opportunities by putting themselves at a competitive advantage.
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