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Paper is the most abundant and inexpensive polymeric structure of cellulose available. Paper has micro-porous capillary-like networks which are responsible for flow of solvents instead of pumps or electronic power, making paper an ideally usable tool. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices use fabricated paper devices on which hydrophilic zones are formed within hydrophobic barriers. Hydrophilic zones act as regions for actual analytical purposes, whereas hydrophobic zones act to demarcate separate zones from one another. Clinically, these devices have been proved to be excellent point-of-care-devices in diagnosis which can bypass use of costly and time-consuming laboratory techniques. In the presented review, the basic principles and components involved in the design of paper-based devices were then summarised in understandable manner. Further, various applications in different fields were also compiled in the form of text under different sections and tables. Paper-based analytical devices may serve as an excellent tool in variety of analytical works as these techniques are simple, rapid, economic, and require less human power or trainings. They have prominent applications in analysis of biological fluids, drugs/metabolites, food stuffs, colorants, biomarkers, and several other fields.

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Web components and their underlying parts are evolving rapidly to provide services and information over the internet. Web sites are becoming a basic part of business quality of service. As web services play an important role in providing different functionality, their correctness becomes an important factor. The diversity and complexity of web systems derived the need for test automation. Test Automation is the use of software for automatic execution of test cases and their comparison with expected outcome. In this paper, we present an analysis based modeling and regression testing technique for web applications. Model based testing is a test automation approach that generates and maintains more useful and flexible tests from explicit descriptions of the application. Models describing web components structure before and after the changes are incorporated. It helps to identify test cases generated for the initial version of component that can be rerun on the changed component. The regression test-suite generated for the component is optimized using "all-path" coverage criteria. The proposed approach yields substantial results with optimized test data generation.