Background and Purpose: Studies on post-stroke seizures have produced conflicting results. Our study aim was to further elucidate the incidence and predictive factors of early post-stroke seizures (ES) and their relationship with outcome. Methods: relevant clinical data were prospectively collected in 2,053 patients with acute stroke admitted to the Stroke Unit from 2004 to 2008. Results: Sixty-six patients (8 hemorrhagic and 58 ischemic strokes) aged 73–88 years (mean age 82 years) presented seizures in the first week after stroke onset. The type of ischemic stroke was atherothrombotic in 10 patients, cardioembolic in 21, lacunar in 4, undetermined in 19, and of other etiology in 4. Twenty-seven patients had generalized convulsive, 6 had complex partial, and 33 had simple partial seizures. Status epilepticus was observed in 13 patients. The severity of strokes in patients with ES was greater than in those without (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale >14 in 50 vs. 25%), so mortality (30 days) was higher (29 vs. 14%). Independent seizure predictors were: total anterior circulation infarct, hemorrhagic transformation, hyperglycemia, and the interaction term diabetes × hyperglycemia. Conclusions: ES may be considered a marker of stroke severity. Cortical location of the lesion, hemorrhagic transformation, and hyperglycemia in patients without diabetes are important predictors of ES.

Objective: To assess the impact on stroke outcome of statin use in the acute phase after IV thrombolysis.Methods: Multicenter study on prospectively collected data of 2,072 stroke patients treated with IV thrombolysis. Outcome measures of efficacy were neurologic improvement (NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS] # 4 points from baseline or NIHSS 5 0) and major neurologic improvement (NIHSS # 8 points from baseline or NIHSS 5 0) at 7 days and favorable (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] # 2) and excellent functional outcome (mRS # 1) at 3 months. Outcome measures of safety were 7-day neurologic deterioration (NIHSS $ 4 points from baseline or death), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage type 2 with NIHSS $ 4 points from baseline or death within 36 hours, and 3-month death. Statins are recommended for primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients at risk of cerebrovascular events. Results1 In addition to reducing the risk of first and recurrent ischemic stroke, statin treatment may also improve outcome through pleiotropic non-cholesterol-dependent effects. 2An association between statin use before stroke and favorable outcome has been previously reported.3-5 Moreover, a prospective clinical trial showed that statin withdrawal during the first 3 days after a stroke event was associated with increased risk of death or dependency at 3 months. 6 To date, very few studies have investigated the effect of statin use in the acute phase on ischemic stroke outcome.7-9 The Stroke Prevention with Aggressive Reductions in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial showed a trend toward less severity for outcome 90 days after stroke with atorvastatin administration (80 mg), compared with placebo, in patients having a stroke during the trial. 10So far, few studies have assessed the efficacy and safety of statin treatment in ischemic stroke patients treated with IV thrombolysis. Two recent meta-analyses showed that prior statin use may increase the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) within 36 hours after IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), though without influencing 3-month functional outcome. 11,12 Two large observational studies reported that previous treatment with statin was not an independent predictor of functional outcome or of ICH. 13,14 The aim of the THRombolysis and STatins (THRaST) study was to assess the impact of statin use in the acute phase of ischemic stroke on clinical outcome in patients treated with IV thrombolysis.Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.

Three thousand two hundred and ninety-eight patients admitted to our Stroke Unit with hemorrhagic, large artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolic, small-vessel occlusion, and undetermined etiology-cryptogenic strokes were included in the study. The circadian variability in onset in each stroke subgroup and the associations with various risk factors were analyzed. In each subgroup, a significant minority of patients suffered from stroke during sleep. In the ischemic group, hypercholesterolemia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and previous myocardial infarction facilitated the onset during waking. During waking, stroke onset was significantly higher in the morning compared to the afternoon both in the hemorrhagic and in the ischemic type. In hemorrhagic stroke, a previous stroke was associated with a lower early morning occurrence. In large artery atherosclerosis stroke, males were at higher risk of early morning occurrence (p < 0.01). In small-vessel occlusion stroke, hypertension is significantly more present in the morning compared to the afternoon onset (p < 0.005). Circadian patterns of stroke onset were observed both in hemorrhagic and in ischemic stroke, irrespective of the ischemic subgroup. In all groups, stroke was more likely to occur during waking than during sleep and, in the diurnal period, during morning than during afternoon. Moreover, sex and some clinical factors influence the diurnal pattern.