Sport evaluation is a fundamental moment in the training process of every athlete, every team and is an indispensable support for the coach. The aims and all the aspects related to the assessment, will be taken into consideration, together to that can have a positive eff ect on performance, allowing each athlete, team and coach a good workout or match, whatever their competitive level. The approach is argumentative theoretical for the part relating at the training theory. Firstly, summarizing and deducting the scientifi c idea of research and of apply it in the practices of measurement and evaluation of the sport performance. One of the topics investigated is the relationship between genetic factors and training factors, in determining the performance of an athlete. The athlete's evaluation process should be useful in setting up and controlling the training and providing information to improve sport performance.
Also in Italy, as well as to be in all others states European Union, the academic disciplines in university system have to change to conform to the 3 areas: SH Social Sciences and Humanities, PE Physical Sciences and Engineering, LS (Life Sciences), 25 panel and 333 sub panel of European Research Council Panel Structure 2018. Nowadays, it is compulsory to have the same language within the European Union and its European Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA). This change concerns the funding of research and the recruitment of professors; currently in Italy they follow two different procedures and the reform aims to pursue the unique way. Physical activity and sports sciences are in two different scientific areas: the human and social sciences and the life sciences. The problem is therefore to choose a single scientific area or to stay in two areas, to define the declaration of the academic discipline with the protection of the professors' rights and the relationship with the ERC Area. The academic disciplines of Physical activity and Sport sciences field could be made by the following descriptors: Health, ageing-Social aspects of learning, curriculum studies, educational policies-Science and technology studies-Cognitive basis of human development and education, developmental disorders; comparative cognition-Personality and social cognition-Emotion-Clinical and health psychology-Neuropsychology-Attention, perception, action, consciousness-Learning, memory-Cognition in ageing-Reasoning, decision-making-Intelligence-Language learning and processing-Theoretical linguistics-computational linguistics-Comparative physiology and pathophysiology-Fundamental mechanisms underlying ageing-Sensation and perception-Neural bases of cognitive processes-Other medical technologies for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases
Research purpose. The present study aims to examine the changes in physical activity levels during the lockdown due to COVID-19 in Italy. In particular, it aims to evaluate the impact of physical exercise on psychological health, how much the home environment influences the desire to train and what people think about Smart-fitness and sport in general. Materials and methods. A sample of 268 people from the province of Salerno participated in the study, with an average age of 26 years. To achieve the tasks set, the study relied on the following methods: analysis of scientific literature, formulation and administration of a questionnaire and data analysis through methods of mathematical statistics. A structured questionnaire was prepared, disseminated through social networks. To analyze the data, the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS) and descriptive statistics were used to calculate the demographic variables. The factor analysis was also calculated to verify the characteristics of the sport considered important by the participants. Results. The results obtained made it possible to understand the main type of physical activity carried out during the quarantine (aerobic activity 35%, functional training 27%, anaerobic activity 19%), the time dedicated to each session (52.8% practice for 1 hour) and the weekly frequency of the same (42.9% practice physical activity continuously more than ¾ times a week). It was also understood the reasons that prompted the interviewees to train, the way they planned their session and the equipment used. Finally, it was shown that the majority of the sample (64.17%) knew smart fitness considering it an interesting activity, and the influence attributed to the home environment by a scale of values from 1 to 5. Furthermore, the factor analysis shows us the most relevant aspects wich respondents attributed to sport. More frequently, respondents place greater importance on being loyal and correct, on the contrary, lower values are attributed to the importance of earning money, and not to disappoint others. Conclusions. The study found that COVID-19 did not stop athletes, who quickly adapted to the new situation. The home environment has proved to be very influential on the desire to train, despite this, they hope to return to the gym as soon as possible.
Today is consolidated the importance of physical activity to health, so it is important to know the eff ects of exercise for primary prevention and secondary. A regular physical activity of mild intensity results in signifi cant benefi ts in term of health, while a sedentary lifestyle and otherrisk factors contributeto development of chronic degenerative diseases, in particular cardiovascular. The advanced age does not contraindicate physical activity and exercise can prevent cardiovascular and disability diseases in the elderly. In the elderly person physical exerciseis able toimprove muscular tone and movement skills, of reduce the risk of sudden death caused by cardiovascular diseases, of reduce the development of tumors and metabolic disorders, as well as of delay the decline of cognitive function. The aim of this literature review is to clarify the link and the eff ects between physical activity, aging and cardiovascular diseases, providing practical indications for a useful physical activity for elderly subjects with cardiovascular problems;adapting to the skills of the elderly person, prescribed after careful assessment of the environmental conditions in which it must take place. In conclusion, a physical activity program fi nds a sure indication both in elderly subjects without and with pathologies and in the elderly with high risk of disability.
The training of master students in the sports sector and in adapted physical activity is in evolution for the changing requests of the sports market. An analysis of the state of the art is useful with in-depth analysis of specific cases. The University of Salerno, Italy, has a course of study that has the training objectives on assessment and sports for the disabled. The study aims to analyse, over the last four years, from 2015 to 2019, the variations of the study plans related to the teachings and their coherence with the objectives through the documentary archive research. The Annual Unique Cards of the master's degree program were consulted and also the data developed by the AlmaLaurea University Consortium on graduating students and on the employment outcomes of graduates after one, three and five years from the conclusion of the studies. Preliminary results show a lack of consistency of study' plans with the training objectives and a limited presence of university in the employment dynamics, these last are limited too. The variation of the study plans was not caused by adaptations of market demands and it seems to be no relationship between university and world of work. This survey aims to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the training system and wants to respond more adequately to the need of skills in the master's degree program and to
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