Phenotypic change in response to selection directly depends on the amount of phenotypic variation and whether this variation is transmitted from parents to offspring. Hence, predicting the evolutionary potential of a trait can be done by estimating the genetic component of the phenotypic variance V P (namely the heritability) which is calculated from the phenotypic resemblance of related individuals in quantitative genetic analyses (Lynch & Walsh, 1998). More precisely, the genetic variance (V G ) can be partitioned into an additive component (V A ) as well as non-additive components: the dominance variance (V D , due to the interaction of alleles at the same locus) and
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