Summary Previous studies have demonstrated that cells from both multi-drugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB

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Multiple factors, including vaccine platform and prior vaccinations, influence vaccine responses. We compared antibody responses to CoronaVac (Sinovac) and ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca-Oxford) vaccination in 874 healthcare workers in Brazil. As participants were randomised to BCG vaccination or placebo in the preceding 0-6 months as part of the BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in healthcare workers (BRACE) trial, we also investigated the influence of recent BCG vaccination on antibody responses to these COVID-19 vaccines. Twenty-eight days after the second dose of each vaccine, ChAdOx1-S induced a stronger anti-spike IgG response than CoronaVac vaccination. Recent BCG vaccination did not impact IgG antibody responses to ChAdOx1-S or CoronaVac.

IntroductionVaccination coverage levels of the National Immunisation Program (PNI) in Brazil ranges from 80% to 95%, suggesting that parental acceptance of these vaccines is high. In 2014, HPV vaccine was introduced in the PNI. We conducted a survey to estimate parental acceptance of HPV vaccine and its determinants.MethodsThis was a random digit calling telephone survey performed in seven large cities from all five regions in Brazil. Eligible parents had to have one or more child less than 18 years old. We selected at least 100 subjects in each city. A standardised questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic informationa and data on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to HPV vaccine, cervical cancer and HPV. Trained personnel conducted the interviews that lasted on average 20 min.ResultsOverall 826 parents were included in the survey (73% response rate). Parental acceptance for vaccinating against HPV was similarly high for female or male children, 92.8% and 91.7%, respectively. It did not change significantly among the cities studied (range 86.3%–95.5%). Parents’s main reasons to give the HPV vaccine to their children were: “Vaccines are good/important”(85.6%), “Prevents cervical cancer”(6.6%), and “Vaccine is in the PNI”(3.3%). Only 0.7% reported “Prevents genital warts”. Among parents with girls eligible for HPV vaccination (10–14 years old) under the PNI (n=291), 71.4% had their daughters vaccinated.ConclusionParental acceptance of HPV vaccine is high (92%%), but a lower percentage results in actual vaccination. Moreover, the main reason to vaccinate is based on a vague assumption (“vaccines are good/important”). Only few parents reported that HPV vaccination prevents cervical cancer. Parents whose vaccine acceptance is ill founded and based on poor knowledge are more vulnerable to change their mind when challenged by stress related mass reactions to HPV vaccine reported by the media or when facing false arguments against vaccination by anti-vax reports.