BackgroundExcessive gestational weight gain (GWG), which is associated with adverse long-term effects on the health of the offspring, has become a major clinical problem. Accumulating evidence indicates that the ovary kisspeptin/GPR54 system directly participates in a series of physiological activities. We used a model of high-fat diet (HFD) during gestational to investigate offspring’s ovarian function and whether kisspeptin/GPR54 system is involved.MethodsAfter introducing the male and confirmation of mating by checking a vaginal sperm plug, female rats were randomized into two groups: control diet called NCD group and high-fat diet called HFD group. After birth, all rats were changed into a control diet and litter size was adjusted to 12 pups per litter. Ovaries were collected for assessment at postnatal day (PND) 4 and PND 30. The timing of vaginal opening was recorded, and the estrous cyclicity was monitored for 2 consecutive weeks immediately. Primary granulosa cells and ovaries which were taken from PND 4 were collected for determination of the direct effect of kisspeptin-10 (kp-10) in vitro.ResultsNeonatal rats exposed to HFD during gestation had a lower number of secondary follicles in the ovary. The expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and kisspeptin was not altered. At prepuberty, the number of antral follicles and preovulatory follicles was elevated with decreased type III follicles in the HFD group. While the expression of ovulation-related genes was decreased, the expression levels of follicular growth-related genes and steroidogenesis synthesis related genes were elevated. A significant increase in kiss1 mRNA and kisspeptin protein was detected without changes in kiss1r mRNA and GPR54. Maternal high-fat diet during gestation resulted in a significant advanced puberty onset and an irregular estrous cycle in offspring rats. In addition, the administration of kp-10 produced an increase in viability of primary granulosa cells and enlarged the size of oocytes.ConclusionsHFD exposure during maternal gestation had a long-term effect on reproductive function in the offspring and the increased ovarian kisspeptin/GPR54 system might be involved.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12958-019-0457-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Objectives:To assess the clinical value and treatment outcomes of postoperative methotrexate (MTX) therapy in the management of early abdominal pregnancy. Material and methods:We retrospectively analyzed ten (10) cases of early abdominal pregnancy at our hospital between 7thResults: Out of the ten (10) cases identified, six (6) patients and four (4) patients underwent surgery (laparotomy or laparoscopy) only and surgery (laparotomy or laparoscopy) plus IM 50 mg/m 2 methotrexate (MTX) within 24 hours of surgery respectively. The gestation age and serum β-HcG levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05, 6.0 ± 1.82 and 8073.2 ± 9561.0) in the surgery plus MTX group in comparison to (7.33 ± 3.61 and 15625 ± 21275.2) for the surgery only group. Ultrasound imaging findings reported extra uterine pregnancy in all cases and diagnostic surgery was necessary to locate precise site of implantation to plan further treatment. Days of hospitalization were shorter in the surgery + MTX group than in the surgery only group (3.00 ± 0.816 versus 5.66 ± 2.80). Conclusions:Earliness in diagnosis coupled with the appropriate (methotrexate) MTX regime could help prevent unwanted complications that could arise from delayed or misdiagnosis.
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