The effect of progesterone therapy on E2/P ratio changes during the luteal phase, and its consequences are on mastalgia and cyst, within a fibrocystic breast disease (FBD). Fifty women with FBD were included. Information for mastalgia and mastodynia were checked with a questionnaire. All women had (E2) and (P) concentration checked before and during the therapy on the 21st and 24th day of a cycle, ultrasound measured size and number of cysts before and during the therapy. T-test, X 2-test, McNemar test, Wilcoxon test and Friedman test were used for statistics. There was a decrease E2/P relation during the therapy vs. before the treatment p < 0.01, as well as the decrease of E2 level on the 24th day during the therapy vs. same day of E2 level, before the therapy (p = 0.164). There was an increase of p level on the 24th day vs. on 24th day before the therapy (p < 0.001). During the therapy, it was found decrease in pain and tension (p < 0.001), and the number and size of the cysts (p < 0.001). Mastalgia and mastodynia significantly decreased during the local p gel therapy, and there was a significantly lower number and size of the cysts in patients with FBD.
Introduction. Hemodialysis (HD) patients have higher mortality rate than the general population. Recent studies indicate a significant role of non-cardiovascular risk factors in for mortality in HD patients. Leptin is protein hormone and may indicate malnutrition in HD patients. Its role in mortality in these patients is being examined. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum leptin levels and non-cardiovascular risk factors and relationship between leptin level and mortality in HD patients.
Methods The prospective study included 93 patients on maintenance HD and follow-up period was 12 months. We measured leptin level and evaluated non-cardiovascular risk factors: nutritional status, anemia, volemia, parameters of mineral and bone disorder.
Results. Out of 93 patients 9 died during study and 1 underwent kidney transplantation. Malnutrition and hypervolemia were two main non-cardiovascular risk factors among deceased subjects. Leptin showed a significant direct correlation with nutritional BMI (r = 0.72, P <0.001), fat tissue index (r = 0.74, P <0.001) and statistically significant inverse correlation with leantissue index (r = -0.349, P <0.05) and inverse correlation with volemic parameters (overhydration / extracellular water ratio (r = -0.38, P <0.001), but no association with anemia and mineral bone parameters was observed. Elevated leptin levels were associated with better survival. However, no statistically significant difference in survival rates was observed between the study groups (Log-Rank P =0.214, Breslow P =0.211, Tarone-Ware P=0.212).
Conclusion: Deceased patients had significantly lower leptin values. Leptin was associated with two non-cardiovascular risk factors for mortality: malnutrition and hypervolemia.
Background/Aim. A special feature of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in patients
with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is that it is often asymptomatic and occurs as a
consecuence of cardiovascular auotonomic neuropathy. Dysregulation of the
autonomic nervous system is associated with elevated values of inflammatory
markers such as highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin
6 (IL-6) which accelerate atherosclerosis and the occurrence of
cardiovascular complications in patients with T2D. The aim of the study was
to evaluate the importance of determining inflammatory cardiovascular risk
markers IL-6 and hs-CRP in screening for the presence of CHD in asymptomatic
patients with T2D. Methods: The study included 169 patients with T2D,
without any symptoms and signs of CHD. Ergometric testing proved or ruled
out the presence of silent CHD. The levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 were
determined by ELISA. Results: IL6 values were significantly higher in
patients with positive ergometric test (6.83?1.99 pg/mL) compared to
patients with negative ergometric test (3.04?1.39 pg/mL) (p<0.001). We also
found that hs-CRP values in patients with positive ergometric test was
significantly higher in comparison to patients with negative ergometric test
(6.37?2.25 vs 1.67?1.41 mg/L; p <0.001). Combinations of IL-6 and hs-CRP
with age, HbA1c values and duration of diabetes, presented through three
binary logistic regression models, are significant predictors of silent CHD
proven by ergometric testing, i.e. with their increase in the probability of
positive ergometric testing increased too (p <0.01). The sensitivity of the
associated finding of elevated IL-6 and hs-CRP values in the detection of
silent CHD by ergometric testing was 90% and the specificity was 86%.
Conclusion: hs-CRP and IL-6 are significant predictors of silent CHD, and
their determination could be recommended in improving cardiovascular risk
stratification in asymptomatic patients with T2D.
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