A utilização do Sensoriamento Remoto para a avaliação do meio ambiente é cada vez mais aplicado em pesquisas. As imagens adquiridas pelos sensores acoplados aos satélites fornecem dados qualitativos e quantitativos do estado da vegetação através da aplicação dos índices de vegetação. Os índices são obtidos pela combinação matemáticas das reflectâncias dos alvos nas faixas espectrais, principalmente do vermelho e infravermelho próximo e podem ser afetados por diferentes fatores tais como reflectância, irradiancia e o brilho do solo. Um dos índices comumente utilizados, principalmente em áreas semiáridas, onde se tem influencia do brilho do solo, é o índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo (IVAS). Este índice introduz um fator de ajuste (L) ao índice de vegetação normalizada (IVDN) para minimizar os efeitos da presença do solo. Porém para cada região deve-se estudar e determinar os melhores parâmetros para o mesmo. Portanto este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão de literatura em relação ao índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo em diferentes biomas brasileiro e outras aplicações. A B S T R A C T The use of remote sensing for environmental assessment is increasingly applied in research. The images acquired by the satellite sensors coupled to provide qualitative and quantitative information on the state of the vegetation by the application of vegetation indices. The indices are obtained by mathematical combination of the reflectance of the targets in the spectral bands, especially the red and near infrared and can be affected by different factors such as reflectance, irradiance and the brightness of the soil. One of the commonly used indices, especially in semi-arid areas where it has influence of soil brightness, is the vegetation index adjusted to the ground (UAI). This index introduces an adjustment factor (L) normalized vegetation index (NDVI) to minimize the effects of soil present. However, for each region should study and determine the best parameters for the same. Therefore this work aims to present a literature review regarding the vegetation index adjusted to the soil in different Brazilian biomes and other applications. Keywords : Remote Sensing; vegetation index; spectral analysis, biome.
Modo de acesso: World Wide Web Inclui bibliografia 1. Meio ambiente 2. Gestão. I. Toledo, Fabiane dos Santos CDD-577 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos seus respectivos autores.
The water footprint (WF) is an important indicator for water management, as it identifies the amount of water used directly and indirectly by a consumer or a product. The objective of this study is to analyze the sugarcane industry's WF in Brazil's Northeast region for the 2016/17 and 2017/18 harvest seasons. The blue, green and grey WFs of sugarcane were quantified, as well as the blue WFs of the production processes of ethanol and sugar, the main subproducts of sugarcane for both harvests. The work was carried out in an area with 18.42 hectares of sugarcane crops under sprinkler irrigation. The process of sugarcane production and use of pesticides was surveyed and meteorological data for the production period was collected. Right after, mathematical models were used to estimate the blue, green and grey WFs. The WF of the sugarcane was found to be 2,364.87 m³ t-1 and 1,043.92 m³ t-1 for the first and second harvest, respectively. The grey WF made up the largest part of this value, mostly due to use of the pesticides Diuron 800 and Imazapic. The processes of ethanol and sugar production, meanwhile, were found to have a blue WF of approximately 10 m³ t-1 and 5 m³ t-1, respectively. From these results, we can conclude that the WF is an effective indicator for monitoring water use in the production cycle of sugarcane and its subproducts, and that the use of fewer polluting pesticides would aid in reducing the WF of this cycle.
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