No abstract

The application of the ARA did not influence the diagnosis of root fractures, and its effects did not depend on root conditions. In relation to the filling materials, gold posts reduced the overall CBCT diagnostic ability, regardless of the use of the ARA.

Evaluation of the nasopharyngeal airways revealed that the NV and PV airways showed no difference between the cleft and noncleft subjects. It is interesting to postulate that the reported nasal abnormalities of the cleft patients do not produce a significant measurable effect on the overall volume, at least as shown in our study sample. In addition, the nasopharyngeal airways of patients are not larger than those of age-matched controls, at least at the ages that were sampled, after cleft palate repair.

CBCT volumes proved reliable for the volumetric assessment of alveolar cleft defects, when using Methods 2 and 3 regardless of FOV and voxel sizes. It may be possible to improve surgical planning and outcomes by knowing the exact volume of grafting material needed prior to the surgical intervention.

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The mandibular index assigned in tomographic images is comparable to that obtained in panoramic images, indicating a valid use of the index in CBCT images, which can lead to the identification of patients with bone mass loss and a premature referral to further exams and treatment.

Aim To analyse the discolouration, radiopacity, pH and calcium ion release of Biodentine (BD), Bio‐C repair (BCR) and Bio‐C temp (BCT), as well as their biological effects on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Methodology Sixty‐four extracted bovine incisors were prepared to simulate crown fractures with pulp exposure and open root apex. The roots were filled using a mixture of agar and blood (control), and BD, BCR or BCT were placed over this mixture. Colour assessment analyses of the samples were performed before and immediately after material insertion and repeated at 30 and 90 days, using a spectrophotometer. The colour change of each specimen was evaluated at the crown and calculated based on the CIELab colour space. Digital radiographs were acquired for radiopacity analysis. hDPCs were placed in contact with different dilutions of culture media previously exposed to such materials and tested for cell viability using the MTT assay. The pH and calcium ion release of all materials were measured after 24 h; the data were assessed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Cell viability was analysed by two‐way ANOVA. Differences in colour parameters and wound‐healing data were assessed by two‐way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). Tukey's and Dunnett's tests were used to compare the experimental groups with the control group. Results BCR had grater radiopacity and smaller colour alteration (ΔEab/ΔE00) than the other materials tested (p < .005; p < .001). No significant differences in pH were found amongst the tested materials (p > .05). BCT was associated with the largest release of calcium ions (p < .0001). BD had cell viability similar to that of the control at the lowest dilutions, and BCR was similar to that of the control, regardless of the dilution tested (p > .05). BCT had a lower percentage of viability than that of the control at all tested dilutions (p < .0001). Cell migration rates in BD and BCR were similar to those in the control group after 24 h and 48 h (p > .05), whilst BCT had larger voids than the control in both periods (p < .0001). Conclusions BCR, BCT and BD were associated with tooth discolouration. BCR had the lowest staining values, the highest radiopacity and viability greater than 80% hDPCs.

Objective Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) often suffer from nasal obstruction which may be related to effects on nasal volume. The objective of this study is to compare side:side volume ratios and nasal volume in patients with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) clefts with age-matched controls. Study Design Retrospective case-control study using three-dimensional nasal airway reconstructions Methods We analyzed 20 subjects (age range: 7–12 years) with UCLP and BCLP from a regional craniofacial center who underwent cone beam CT (CBCT) prior to alveolar grafting. Ten multi-slice CT images from age-matched controls were also analyzed. Mimics™ software (Materialise, Inc.) was used to create 3-dimensional reconstructions of the main nasal cavity and compute total and side-specific nasal volumes. Subjects imaged during active nasal cycling phases were excluded. Results There was no statistically significant difference in affected:unaffected side volume ratios in UCLP (p=0.48) or left:right ratios in BCLP (p=0.25) when compared to left:right ratios in controls. Mean overall nasal volumes (mm3) were 9932±1807, 7097±2596, and 6715±2115 for control, UCLP, and BCLP patients, respectively, with statistically significant volume decreases for both UCLP and BCLP subjects from controls (p<0.05). Conclusion This is the first study to analyze total nasal volumes in patients with BCLP. Overall nasal volume is compromised in UCLP and BCLP by approximately 30%. Additionally, our finding of no major difference in side:side ratios in UCLP and BCLP compared to controls conflicts with pre-existing literature likely due to exclusion of actively cycling scans and our measurement of the functional nasal cavity.