BackgroundBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important problem in cattle production that is responsible for economic losses in dairy herds. Mycoplasma spp. are described as an important etiological agent of BRD.HypothesisTo evaluate the occurrence of the most important mycoplasmas in the lower respiratory tract of healthy and BRD cattle in relationship to clinical signs of BRD.AnimalsSixty young dairy cattle were classified as healthy (n = 32) or cattle showing clinical signs of BRD (n = 28).MethodsTracheal lavage samples were collected and added to tubes containing Hayflick media. Mycoplasma spp. were identified by the presence of “fried egg” like colonies, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Occurrence of Mollicutes, M. bovis, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC and M. dispar was evaluated. The association between clinical signs of BRD and the presence of Mycoplasma spp. also was evaluated.ResultsColonies were obtained from a 1‐year‐old BRD calf only. However, species identification was not possible. Mollicutes (P = .035) and M. dispar (P = .036) were more common in BRD cattle. The relationship between Mollicutes and crackle (P = .057) was not significant. M. dispar was associated to tachypnea (P = .045) and mixed dyspnea (P = .003). Relationships to heart rate (P = .062) and crackle (P = .062) were not significant.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe results confirmed the importance of mycoplasma as an etiologic agent of BRD and suggested M. dispar as part of the respiratory microbiota and its possible role in the development of BRD.

FMVZ) se baseiam nos três pilares fundamentais da Universidade de São Paulo: ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O presente projeto teve o objetivo de propiciar a estudantes de medicina veterinária o aprendizado e treinamento prático das principais técnicas de diagnóstico e tratamento das enfermidades que acometem os ruminantes, auxiliando o atendimento do hospital e atendendo aos anseios da comunidade. Com a Clínica Ambulante, foi possível o atendimento a propriedades perto de São Paulo, com cuidados veterinários aos animais enfermos e coleta de material para análise nos laboratórios do Hospital. Durante o período de agosto de 2009 até julho de 2010, o serviço da Hospital de Bovinos e Pequenos Ruminantes da FMVZ--USP atendeu 238 animais, sendo 88 bovinos, 83 caprinos, 47 ovinos, 19 suínos e 1 búfalo. O Hospital de Bovinos e Pequenos Ruminantes tem uma alta casuísta, permitindo o acompanhamento de grande quantidade e variedade de casos clínicos atendendo a comunidade da região da cidade de São Paulo e arredores. O aprendizado prático é valorizado e a construção do conhecimento é constante. Palavras-chave: Buiatria. Ruminante. Clinica Veterinária. A B S T R A C TThe activities developed by the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMVZ) are based on three fundamental pillars of the University of São Paulo: teaching, research and extension. These outreach activities have been used in practical teaching clinic, helped train students and professionals interested in improving Buiatrics clinic and small ruminants. This project aimed to provide a veterinary student

The presence of mycoplasma in ovine semen was associated in 9.09% (3/ 33) to the microscopic and macroscopic alterations of this fluid. Mycoplasma spp. was isolated in 36.36% (12/33) fro m semen samples while Ureaplasma spp. was isolated in 12.12% (4/ 33). The mo llicute infection rates in studied semen samples indicated that the diagnosis of these bacteria in ovine must be a routine procedure for the quality of this biological product.

Progesterone plays an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy. It is hypothesised that insufficient progesterone early in pregnancy may result in embryonic loss, and that supplemental progesterone would decrease pregnancy loss in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of progesterone supplementation after timed AI on pregnancy rate of dairy cows. The experiment was conducted in a single commercial herd, in Sao Paulo State (Brazil), during a period of 1 year (January–December 2016). The cows were assigned at a nonpregnancy diagnosis 32 ± 3 days after AI to 1 to 6 resynchronization treatments. They were submitted to the same fixed time AI protocol: Day 0, 0.1 mg of gonadorelin, 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate, and an intravaginal device of 1.9 g of progesterone; Day 7, 25 mg of dinoprost tromethamine; Day 8, 25 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, 1 mg of oestradiol cipionate, and device withdrawal; Day 10, AI. At Day 14, the cows were alternately arranged in 2 groups. Group 1 received a 900-mg progesterone supplementation IM injection, and Group 2 did not receive progesterone supplementation. Then, 32 ± 3 days after insemination, pregnancy diagnosis was performed by transrectal ultrasonography, and the data were tabulated. Full statistical analysis will be done at the end of the study, when more than 500 cows will be allocated to the 2 groups. From January until April 2016, 230 lactating dairy cows were submitted to the experiment. Both groups had similar average days in lactation (166), average number of lactations (1.95), and average number of inseminations (4.3). Group 1 had a pregnancy rate of 25% (29/116), and group 2 had a pregnancy rate of 15.8% (18/114) (P = 0.01, one-way ANOVA). Based on these preliminary data, pregnancy rates of lactating dairy cows may be improved with progesterone supplementation on Day 4 after insemination. These results need to be confirmed on larger numbers of cows.

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