A high risk for substance abuse/dependence was observed in both JIA and controls. JIA substance users were more likely to have sexual intercourse. Therefore, routine screening is suggested in all visits of JIA adolescents.

Reduced physical capacity and school activities domains were observed in pediatric leprosy patients with musculoskeletal manifestations.

Meningitis is the main manifestation of cryptococcosis in adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and other organs and systems, such as the lungs, are rarely affected in this fungal infection. To our knowledge, no case of pulmonary cryptococcosis has been described in the pediatric lupus population. Therefore, we report herein one patient with childhood SLE (C-SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome overlap that presented encapsulated Cryptococcus yeast cells in lung tissue. A 14-year-old girl was diagnosed with C-SLE. At the age of 16 years and 5 months, she presented with fever, cough and dyspnea, without headache, vomiting, and also without signs of meningeal irritation or other clinical manifestations. She was being treated with mycophenolate mofetil, hydroxychloroquine and prednisone. Chest radiography and chest computer tomography showed a single nodule in the left posterior apex and three nodular lesions in the left hemithorax respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy were normal and without isolation of bacteria or fungi. Voriconazole was empirically introduced for 21 days. Fifteen days after the first biopsy, she underwent open thoracotomy with surgical left lung biopsy and was diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Voriconazole was replaced with oral fluconazole and this antifungal therapy was maintained with improvement of clinical manifestations and without marked alteration of radiological images. In conclusion, we report the first case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in Sjögren's and C-SLE patient with a satisfactory clinical response to antifungal therapy. Fungal infections should be excluded in the presence of lung nodules and etiological identification is required for proper treatment.

Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico de tipo longitudinal. Los datos fueron obtenidos de prontuarios de todos los recién-nacidos internados en las UTI neonatal privadas en el periodo de enero/2005 a diciembre/2007. Se obtuvieron variables tanto maternas como relativas al recién-nacido y categorizadas, siendo el desfecho primario la mortalidad neonatal. Se realizó el análisis univariado utilizando la prueba de chi cuadrado, el riesgo relativo y la gráfica de Kaplan-Meier para cada variable en separado. El análisis multivariado fue realizado por medio de la regresión de Cox para verificar la asociación de factores maternos y neonatales al desfecho primario.Resultados: Entraron en el estudio 185 neonatos, siendo que 10,5% fueron a óbito antes del 28º día de vida. Las variables que se asociaron de modo significativo al óbito en el Modelo de Cox fueron: peso <1.500g, Apgar 5 minutos <7, ventilación mecánica y óbito fetal anterior.Conclusiones: Las variables con buen ajuste en el Modelo de Cox asociadas al óbito neonatal reflejan la asociación del óbito neonatal a la asistencia prestada a la madre en el periodo prenatal y también al cuidado ofrecido al recién-nacido en una unidad de terapia intensiva.Palabras clave: mortalidad neonatal; análisis de sobrevida; terapia intensiva neonatal.

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