SummaryOur objective was to assess the effect of benchtop incubators with low oxygen concentrations on the clinical and embryological parameters of our patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized, opened controlled trial on infertile patients in stimulated cycles. In total, 738 infertile patients were assessed for eligibility and, after final exclusions, 230 patients were allocated either to a 5% O2 group (benchtop incubator) or a 20% O2 group (classic incubator). Finally, 198 patients in the 5% O2 group and 195 in the 20% O2 group were analysed. The outcomes measured were fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate. The primary outcome – live birth rate per all transfers – did not show any improvement in the 5% oxygen group over the 20% oxygen group (25.3% versus 22.6%, P=0.531), but the number of day 5 blastocysts was significantly higher (P=0.009). Fertilization rate did not show any beneficial effect of reduced oxygen (5%) (73.4%±22.4% versus 74.6%±24.0%, P=0.606) per all transfers but there was statistically significant difference in the day 5 SET subgroup (85.3±15.1 versus 75.1±17.5; P=0.004). Clinical pregnancy rate showed results in favour of the 5% oxygen group for all subgroups (day 3: 23.7% versus 21.1%, P=0.701; day 5 SET: 35.0% versus 30.6%. P=0.569) but showed statistical significance only in the day 5 SET subgroup (51.1% versus 29.8%; P=0.038). Culturing of embryos in benchtop incubators under low oxygen produced more blastocysts and therefore was a better alternative for embryo selection, which resulted in higher pregnancy rates. To achieve higher live birth rates, embryo quality is not the only factor.
Background: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation in tumor cells induces apoptosis. We investigated the effect of TLR3 ligand (poly(I:C)) in combination with chemotherapeutics applied to human pharyngeal carcinoma cells as a possible antitumor therapy. Methods:Human pharyngeal cancer cell lines were studied (FaDu and Detroit 562). Cytotoxicity assays and apoptosis assays (annexin V staining and caspase 3/7 activity measurements) were used to investigate the cytotoxic effects. By using TLR3 siRNA we confirmed that the observed effect is TLR3-dependent. Results: We found that the combined application of poly(I:C) and chemotherapeutics (cisPt, HU, 5-FU and MTX) has a stronger inhibitory effect on cell growth in tumor cells expressing functional TLR3 as compared with a single treatment. This is a result of TLR3-dependent apoptosis. Conclusion: Our study showed that a combined application of the two agents already being used in tumor therapy could lower the necessary dosage of chemotherapeutics, leading to fewer side effects.
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