ScopeMicronutrients are in small amounts in foods, act in concert, and require variable amounts of time to see changes in health and risk for disease. These first principles are incorporated into an intervention study designed to develop new experimental strategies for setting target recommendations for food bioactives for populations and individuals.Methods and resultsA 6‐week multivitamin/mineral intervention is conducted in 9–13 year olds. Participants (136) are (i) their own control (n‐of‐1); (ii) monitored for compliance; (iii) measured for 36 circulating vitamin forms, 30 clinical, anthropometric, and food intake parameters at baseline, post intervention, and following a 6‐week washout; and (iv) had their ancestry accounted for as modifier of vitamin baseline or response. The same intervention is repeated the following year (135 participants). Most vitamins respond positively and many clinical parameters change in directions consistent with improved metabolic health to the intervention. Baseline levels of any metabolite predict its own response to the intervention. Elastic net penalized regression models are identified, and significantly predict response to intervention on the basis of multiple vitamin/clinical baseline measures.ConclusionsThe study design, computational methods, and results are a step toward developing recommendations for optimizing vitamin levels and health parameters for individuals.

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Association of dietary acid load with serum bicarbonate in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

The diet has a strong influence on the formation of the acid load in the metabolism of patients with CKD, and this is a factor that can influence the severity of metabolic acidosis. It is a condition commonly found in more advanced stages of CKD. Vegetable proteins, such as textured soy protein (PTS), could provide a lower acid charge formation and, because of their content of isoflavones, considered antioxidants, would contribute to the improvement of metabolic stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing animal protein source to plant source (soybean) for one week and analyze the blood and urine parameters of acidosis in patients with CKD. We evaluated 28 patients with CKD stages 3, 4 and 5 before and after replacing animal protein sources of the main meal, either lunch or dinner, with PTS over 7 days. Before and after the intervention it was evaluated: feed intake per records, Load Acid Potential Food (CAPA), clinical routines, anthropometry (weight, height and BMI), body composition by bioelectrical impedance multifrequency spectroscopy (BIS), blood and urine parameters (Bicarbonate and urinary pH) and oxidative stress markers (CAT and AOPP) Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests were used to analyze the results, as well as the Spearman's correlation tests to evaluate associations between the variables. The p value <0.05 was considered for statistical significance. We found that in one week of intervention with PTS there was a significant increase in BIC markers and blood pH, as well as urinary pH. Most of the patients were not in the state of metabolic acidosis. The CAT oxidative stress marker showed 11 improvement, but AOPP showed no significant increase. Regarding body composition, there was a decrease in weight and an increase in the hyper hydration markers, but an increase in fat free mass and fat mass. These results show that the decrease of CAPA in the diet and the inclusion of the PTS can generate an improvement in metabolic acidosis and oxidative stress, consolidating the dietary management using plant protein inclusion and this can be an important nutritional approach in the treatment of patients with DRC.

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