Uma nova série de amostras de material híbrido à base de sílica, contendo o grupo catiônico amoniopropil ligado na forma pendente, foi obtida usando-se o método sol-gel de síntese, variandose a razão molar entre o precursor inorgânico e o precursor orgânico. A análise termogravimétrica mostrou que as amostras são termicamente estáveis até 260 °C. Os resultados obtidos por difratometria de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, ressonância magnética nuclear de 29 Si e análise elementar são compatíveis com o modelo estrutural de camadas de silsesquioxano com distâncias basais de até 5,4 nm, contendo sílica amorfa no espaço entre as camadas.An innovative series of silica-based hybrid materials containing pendant cationic ammoniumpropyl groups was obtained using the sol-gel method, by varying the molar ratio of the inorganic and organic precursors. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that samples were thermally stable up to 260 °C. Results obtained by X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis were compatible with a silsesquioxane layered structural model showing basal distances up to 5.4 nm, containing amorphous silica in the interlayer space. Keywords: nanostructured materials, layered hybrid materials, silsesquioxanes IntroductionThe development of organic-inorganic silica-based hybrid materials has received growing attention in the last decades. These materials present characteristics of the individual components as well as new unexpected properties.1-6 A satisfactory method to obtain these hybrid materials is the sol-gel synthesis, which allows dispersion of the components in nano or molecular scale, combining their physicochemical properties or producing new ones. Among this ensemble, the self-organized silica-based hybrid materials are very promising, because a great quantity of novel materials with attractive properties can be obtained. [7][8][9][10][11][12] They can be prepared using proper organosilane precursors presenting two or more polycondensation points, which are gelified together with an inorganic alkylorthosilicate precursor. The self-organization of these hybrid materials is imposed by the rigidity of the organic groups chemically bonded in a bridged way to the inorganic moiety. [11][12][13][14][15] In recent times it was demonstrated that self-organized materials can also be obtained using bridging charged organic groups. 16,17 It is important to point out that the selforganization in silica-based hybrid material has always been associated with the presence of bridging organic groups. Up to the present time, as far as we know, the synthesis of self-organized silica-based hybrid materials containing pendant organic groups has not been reported.Another kind of hybrid materials can be obtained by gelation of organosilanes without addition of alkylorthosilicate inorganic precursors. These materials, called silsesquioxanes, have elevated organic content and can also present self-organization properties. Among them, the polyhe...
Agradeço, em primeiro lugar, às duas pessoas mais importantes da minha vida, aos meus pais, Mirela e Sérgio, por terem me ensinado que a felicidade está na simplicidade, que tudo o que desejo fortemente eu posso alcançar, que valores como respeito e compaixão devem sempre guiar nossas ações. Obrigada pelo apoio irrestrito, por estarem lado a lado encorajando minhas motivações, pela amizade e pelo companheirismo sempre presentes. Às minhas avós, Lia e Edith, que vibram comigo a cada pequeno passo meu. Por toda a sabedoria e doçura que trazem à minha vida. Ao meu orientador, Carlos Massone, pelas valiosas contribuições, pelas discussões, por toda a paciência e, especialmente, por me inspirar confiança e me manter tranquila. Aos amigos que os estudos na PUC-Rio me trouxeram, agradeço em especial ao Igor, à Elizanne, à Laís Helena e à Cassiana, pelas trocas constantes de conhecimento e de afeto que tornaram essa caminhada mais leve.
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