O manejo inadequado do solo modifica seus atributos, culminando na perda de sua qualidade produtiva. Diante do exposto, o objetivo com o presente trabalho foi avaliar os atributos de um Cambissolo em agroecossistemas, no Projeto de Assentamento Terra de Esperança, município de Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, no Rio Grande do Norte, por meio da técnica de estatística multivariada. Realizou-se a coleta de amostras de solo com estrutura deformada e indeformada, para realização de análises físicas e químicas, sendo as coletas feitas nas camadas de 0-5 e 5-10 cm, em três repetições. Os atributos físicos avaliados foram: granulometria, densidade de partículas e densidade do solo, resistência do solo à penetração realizada a campo com penetrômetro, e porosidade total do solo. Os atributos químicos foram: condutividade elétrica, potencial hidrogeniônico em água, carbono orgânico total e macronutrientes: cálcio, magnésio, fósforo, potássio e o sódio, sendo posteriormente calculada a capacidade de troca de cátions, soma de bases e saturação por bases, e a percentagem de sódio trocável. As áreas de mata nativa e área agroecológica apresentaram similaridade entre si, sendo que os atributos estruturais resistência do solo à penetração e densidade do solo e os químicos carbono orgânico total, sódio, potássio, percentagem de sódio trocável e condutividade elétrica foram os mais sensíveis na distinção dos ambientes, em relação á área de plantio convencional de cultivos consorciados, indicando que os sistemas de usos do solo alteram seus atributos e que práticas agroecológicas propiciam melhorias e/ou manutenção destes.
Agriculture in semiarid regions commonly face problems because of salt and availability of irrigation water. Considering this, studies on cultures resistant to salt and water stresses involving sweet sorghum are required. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the growth and other mechanisms of tolerance to salinity and water deficit in BRS 506 sweet sorghum. The experimental design was conducted in Upanema-RN, Brazil, in randomized blocks, where the isolated and interactive effect of 3 salinity levels, expressed as the electrical conductivity of irrigation water (1.5, 3.8, and 6.0 dS m−1), and 3 irrigation depths (55, 83, and 110% of crop evapotranspiration) were evaluated. During the cycle, sorghum adapted to the salinity and deficit irrigation depth, since stem height reduced only −5.5% with increasing salinity and −11.95% with decreasing irrigation depth, and aerial dry mass was affected by interaction only at the end of the cycle. Proline, total amino acids, and total soluble sugars were not differenced by stresses. Additionally, around 68.71% of total Na+ was at roots at the end of the cycle. In summary, sorghum BRS 506 was more tolerant to salt than water stress and used Na+ compartmentalization in root cells as the main tolerance mechanism.
The soil attributes can be easily changed according to its management and use, compromising the productive capacity of the areas. The objective of this research was to evaluate the variability and interrelationships of soil physical, chemical and structural attributes in agroecosystems in the Brazilian Semiarid region (Rio Grande do Norte State), pointing out the most sensitive attributes in the environment distinction through multivariate analysis. The research was carried out in the rural community of Piracicaba, Upanema municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Four agroecosystems were selected: Native Forest Area (ANF), Corn Bean Consortium Area (ACBC), Pasture Area (AP) and Cashew Area (AC). Undisturbed and deformed soil samples were collected in the 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m layers, and the physical, chemical and structural attributes were analyzed. The data were submitted to multivariate statistical techniques, using the correlation matrix, cluster analysis, factor analysis and principal component analysis. Factorial analysis revealed the most sensitive attributes in distinguishing agroecosystems: microporosity, fi eld capacity (FC), permanent wither point (PWP), available water (AW), sand, clay, fl occulation degree (GF), Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and sum of bases (SB) (F1) and soil density (SD), total porosity (PT), macroporosity, electrical conductivity (EC) and total organic carbon (TOC) (F2). Cluster analysis formed three distinct groups. The TOC was discriminant to group the native forest and cashew tree areas, showing the infl uence of soil management. The other environments were grouped according to the texture differentiation, infl uencing the attributes variability.
The increase in water demand in regions with limited good-quality water resources makes it necessary to study the effect of low-quality water on plant metabolism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water and salt stress on the levels of mineral elements and accumulation of toxic elements Na+ and Cl− in the leaves and their consequences on the production variables of the sorghum cultivar IPA SF-15. The design adopted was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (4 × 4), with four salt concentrations (1.5; 3.0; 4.5, and 6.0 dS m−1) and four irrigation depths (51.3; 70.6; 90.0, and 118.4% of crop evapotranspiration ETc) in three repetitions. To obtain nutrient, sodium, and chlorine contents in the leaf, we collected the diagnosis leaf from six plants per plot. For production data, we performed two harvests at 76 and 95 days after planting (silage point and for sucrose extraction). We evaluated the dry mass, fresh mass yield, and total dry mass for the two cutting periods and applied the F-test at the 5% significance level. There was an effect of water stress but not saline, making it possible to use saline water for sorghum irrigation. As for the toxicity of ions, the plant showed tolerance behavior to Na+ and Cl− ions. The grain filling phase was more sensitive than the final phase of the crop cycle.
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