The following article is dedicated to a new data protection regime in the European Union, in particular the Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and the Council on the protection of natural persons regarding processing of personal data by authorities aiming at prevention, investigation, detection and prosecution of crime offences, including execution of criminal penalties. For this purpose, the authors look first at the data protection within the Prüm framework as well as at the relevant provisions of Lisbon Treaty. Тhe important cases of the European Court of Human Rights are analyzed. Whereas in 2014 EU Member states focused on the question whether or not to retain data, the 2016 conclusion was that in some aspects data retention is the most efficient measure to ensure national security, public safety and fighting across serious crimes. The terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels call to better equip security authorities. The EU legislature made significant progress on the Data Protection regime. The Directive (EU) 2016/680, the so called the ‘Police and Criminal Justice Directive’, repeals the Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA and will enter into force on 6 May 2018.
The complex [Cu(en) 2 (H 2 O)](sy) 2 (en)(H 2 O) 2 has been synthesized and characterized by its electronic and vibrational spectra. The molecular structure of the complex has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with unit-cell parameters a = 10.7236 (5), b = 20.4660(10), c = 14.4523(11)Å and Z = 4. In the cation, the Cu(II) ion has a distorted square pyramidal coordination with two bidendate (en) ligands forming the basal plane and a H 2 O molecule in the apical position. The complex cations and syringate anions constitute chains along the b axis in -A-B-A-fashion. The members of the chains are linked by through N-H···O hydrogen bonds. The (en) molecules are responsible for connecting adjacent layers.
This paper aims to provide in-depth analysis of legal education in Bulgaria since it is of paramount significance for the creation of well-trained lawyers for the state, local authorities, as well as the judicial system. The historical method was used to examine the system of the Bulgarian legal education that has been developing for about 130 years and has gone through numerous difficulties.The comparative and juxtaposition approach were utilsed in the research to help in making inferences about the present situation regarding legal education in Bulgaria. Now there are nine law schools that deepen international co-operation and adapt their curricula to respond to the changes in national and European legislation.It takes five years to receive a legal education in Bulgaria and the process ends with a Master’s degree in Law (LLM). There is no Bachelor degree in Law (LLB in other European countries) in our country.All in all, the main objective of this article is to look at the Bulgarian legal education in the past and nowadays. The paper attempts to show that legal education in Bulgaria is faced with diverse challenges of the new millennium. The process of globalization as well as the recent situation with COVID-19 make it necessary to add information technologies and distant learning forms to legal education.
Abstract:The article examines the legal fight against the illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU)
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