Sodium alendronate is a bisphosphonate drug that exerts antiresorptive action and is used to treat osteoporosis. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone repair process at the bone/implant interface of osteoporotic rats treated with sodium alendronate through the analysis of microtomography, real time polymerase chain reactions and immunohistochemistry (RUNX2 protein, bone sialoprotein (BSP), alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin).Material and Methods A total of 42 rats were used and divided in to the following experimental groups: CTL: control group (rats submitted to fictitious surgery and fed with a balanced diet), OST: osteoporosis group (rats submitted to a bilateral ovariectomy and fed with a low calcium diet) and ALE: alendronate group (rats submitted to a bilateral ovariectomy, fed with a low calcium diet and treated with sodium alendronate). A surface treated implant was installed in both tibial metaphyses of each rat. Euthanasia of the animals was conducted at 14 (immunhostochemistry) and 42 days (immunohistochemistry, micro CT and PCR). Data were subjected to statistical analysis with a 5% significance level.Results Bone volume (BV) and total pore volume were higher for ALE group (P<0.05). Molecular data for RUNX2 and BSP proteins were significantly expressed in the ALE group (P<0.05), in comparison with the other groups. ALP expression was higher in the CTL group (P<0.05). The immunostaining for RUNX2 and osteopontin was positive in the osteoblastic lineage cells of neoformed bone for the CTL and ALE groups in both periods (14 and 42 days). Alkaline phosphatase presented a lower staining area in the OST group compared to the CTL in both periods and the ALE at 42 days.Conclusion There was a decrease of osteocalcin precipitation at 42 days for the ALE and OST groups. Therefore, treatment with short-term sodium alendronate improved bone repair around the implants installed in the tibia of osteoporotic rats.

The ability of a pool of bovine bone morphogenetic proteins bound to synthetic microgranular hydroxyapatite (BMPb-HA) to stimulate bone repair was determined in rat critical size defects. An 8-mm diameter defect was created in the calvaria of 25 rats. In 15 rats, the defects were filled with BMPb-HA homogenized with blood (experimental group), and in 10 rats the defects were filled only with blood clots (control). The calvariae of experimental rats were collected 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery and of the control rats at the end of surgery and 6 months thereafter. The morphometric results obtained in the radiographs showed an absence of new bone formation at 1 and 3 months post-surgery and, histologically, the defects were filled with fibrous connective tissue and numerous foci of a foreign body-type granulomatous reaction around hydroxyapatite agglomerates. At the end of 6 months, the number and size of the granulomatous foci decreased and the area of the defects was reduced by 22% compared to the 0-hour control due to the formation of new bone at their borders, although the mean area was similar to the 6-month control. We conclude that the use of BMPb-HA in the treatment of critical size bone defects of the rat skull leads to the formation of a foreign body-type granulomatous reaction that markedly inhibits new bone formation, suggesting that synthetic microgranular hydroxyapatite does not represent a good carrier for BMPinduced bone formation.

Condylar hyperplasia (CH) is a pathologic condition that causes overdevelopment of the condylar head and neck as well as the mandible. Slowly progressive unilateral enlargement of the head and the neck of the condyle causes crossbite malocclusion, facial asymmetry, and shifting of the midpoint of the chin to the unaffected side. The etiology and the pathogenesis of CH remain uncertain. The diagnosis is made by clinical and radiologic examinations and bone scintigraph. A difference in uptake of 10% or more between condyles is regarded as indicative of CH, and the affected condyles had a relative uptake of 55% or more. When the diagnosis of active CH is established, the treatment consists of removal of the growth center by a partial condylectomy. The authors present the case of a 46-year-old male patient with right active type II CH or hemimandibular hyperplasia who underwent a high condylectomy.

A infecção odontogênica é um grave problema de saúde pública. O atendimento hospitalar fica basicamente direcionado a atenção aos casos mais graves que requerem tratamento imediato de antibioticoterapia endovenosa bem como remoção urgente da causa. Sendo assim, o objetivo é apresentar um caso de paciente de 43 anos de idade, sexo feminino, queixando-se de dor em região de dente 24 com aumento volumétrico evidente assim como drenagem espontânea de exsudato via sulco gengival. O tratamento após exames complementares de rotina foi a exodontia do elemento dentário sob anestesia local em atenção hospitalar associado a drenagem da coleção purulenta. Após eliminação da causa bem como a drenagem, 48 horas destas a paciente recebeu alta hospitalar com retorno programado. Segue sem queixas e sem outras afecções semelhantes.Descritores: Abscesso Periapical; Cirurgia; Terapêutica.ReferênciasMardini S, Gohel A. Imaging of Odontogenic Infections. Radiol Clin North Am. 2018;56(1):31-44.DeAngelis AF, Barrowman RA, Harrod R, Nastri AL. Review article: Maxillofacial emergencies: oral pain and odontogenic infections. Emerg Med Australas. 2014;26(4):336-42. Vasconcelos BEC, Cauás M, Albert DGM, Nascimento GJF, Holanda GZ. Disseminação de infecção odontogênica através das fáscias cervicais profundas: relato de caso clínico. Rev Cir Traumat Bucomaxilofac. 2002;2(1):21- 25.Ramos S, Ramos RF, Ramos HF, Ramos BF. O Uso da Tomografia Computadorizada no Diagnóstico do Abscesso Peritonsilar Arq Int. Otorrinolaringol/Intl Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;10(1):67-70.Wang J, Ahani A, Pogrel MA. A five-year retrospective study of odontogenic maxillofacial infections in a large urban public hospital. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34(6):646-49.Manor Y, Garfunkel AA. Brain abscess following dental implant placement via crestal sinus lift - a case report. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2018;11(1):113-17.Lima FGGP, Rios LGC, Cunha LTMQ, Rocha LF, Batista JD. Abordagem clínico-cirúrgica de infecção complexa em região maxilo-facial: relato de caso. Rev Odontol Bras Central. 2018;27(81): 112-16.Jundt JS, Gutta R. Characteristics and cost impact of severe odontogenic infections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;114(5):558-66.