Neutrophils are the first cells of our immune system to arrive at the site of inflammation. They release cytokines, e.g., chemokines, to attract further immune cells, but also actively start to phagocytose and kill pathogens. In the case of sepsis, this tightly regulated host defense mechanism can become uncontrolled and hyperactive resulting in severe organ damage. Currently, no effective therapy is available to fight sepsis; therefore, novel treatment targets that could prevent excessive inflammatory responses are warranted. Src Family tyrosine Kinases (SFK), a group of tyrosine kinases, have been shown to play a major role in regulating immune cell recruitment and host defense. Leukocytes with SFK depletion display severe spreading and migration defects along with reduced cytokine production. Thus, we investigated the effects of dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with a strong inhibitory capacity on SFKs during sterile inflammation and polymicrobial sepsis in mice. We found that dasatinib-treated mice displayed diminished leukocyte adhesion and extravasation in tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated cremaster muscle venules in vivo. In polymicrobial sepsis, sepsis severity, organ damage, and clinical outcome improved in a dose-dependent fashion pointing toward an optimal therapeutic window for dasatinib dosage during polymicrobial sepsis. Dasatinib treatment may, therefore, provide a balanced immune response by preventing an overshooting inflammatory reaction on the one side and bacterial overgrowth on the other side.
Mammary adenocarcinomas with metastases are more common in dogs than in cats. Their incidence is 1 in every 4,000 cats. In routine veterinary practice, laboratory exams for diagnosis of these neoplasms are nonspecific and scarcely used. Even though invasive procedure, biopsy, and histopathological findings are the gold standards that define the clinical approach, the clinical evaluation, and image assessment lead the way to the proper treatment, especially when surgical intervention is a possibility. This study describes the clinical signs, histopathological aspects, radiological and scintigraphic findings of a cat with mammary adenocarcinoma and metastases evaluated one hour after intravenous administration of 99mTc-thymine. Our focus was not to discuss the pathological aspects of the disease but the Nuclear Medicine role in metastases detection. Metastases, when lesser than 4mm, could go unnoticed by radiological exams, whereas scintigraphy may detect them. Using 99mTc-thymine scintigraphy, we successfully detected unsuspected metastases in the lungs, liver, and right kidney. Early diagnosis is the key to a better rate of survival due to the given treatment and prognostic. Hence, we strongly recommend the use of 99mTc-thymine scintigraphy as a complementary tool for breast cancer diagnosis in veterinary care.
OBJECTIVE To bring awareness and close gaps between dermatologists and radiologists about the contribution of imaging techniques for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). DATA SOURCES Investigators searched the PubMed database for articles on HS and radiology techniques. STUDY SELECTION Databases were searched up to December 2018. The query retrieved 257 publications, of which 103 were unique; of these, 7 were inaccessible. From the remaining 96, 33 were irrelevant (did not discuss HS lesion features). After applying the inclusion criteria, 63 studies were relevant to this study. DATA EXTRACTION A standardized form was constructed to extract data from eligible studies by two independent authors. DATA SYNTHESIS Imaging techniques are significant and useful tools in HS management. Imaging should be carried out to evaluate disease severity, subclinical features, treatment success, and intraoperative patient assessment. Providers should consider nonconventional radiology techniques, which are underused in clinical management of HS. Further, dermatology and radiology require a shared terminology of disease features to better understand patient status. CONCLUSIONS Publications on HS lesion imaging have increased over the years. Imaging techniques have proven useful for determining HS severity and treatment effectiveness, as well as intraoperative patient assessment. These authors strongly recommend the use of these techniques in routine clinical practice for patients with HS.
Objective Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory cytokine. 99mTc-anti-TNF-α antibody scintigraphy has proven to be a viable alternative to MRI in specific cases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of scintigraphy with 99mTc-anti-TNF-α in the identification of inflammatory foci in individuals diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis using MRI as the gold standard. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical-qualitative clinical study compared the performance of 99mTc-anti-TNF-α scintigraphy with that of MRI with intravenous administration of gadolinium (used as the gold standard) and a clinical examination (Disease Activity Score 28) in 220 joints of 20 patients with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and one healthy control. Results The concordance of scintigraphy with MRI in individuals with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was 79%. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of scintigraphy for distinguishing between inflammatory and noninflammatory sites were 92, 89, and 93%, respectively. No adverse reactions to the examinations were reported. Conclusions Scintigraphy with 99mTc-anti-TNF-α was well-tolerated and had a good ability to distinguish between inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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