Communication [Comunicação] Parasitism by Paratanaisia bragai (Digenea, Eucotylidae) in commom waxbill (Estrilda astrild)[Parasitismo por Paratanaisia bragai em bico-de-lacre (Estrilda astrild)]

Growth inhibition of the lower trypanosomatids Crithidia fasciculata and a Leptomonas from a hemipteron by several established trypanocides and leishmanicides were compared in four complex and one defined media. The Leptomonas was more susceptible than C. fasciculata in all media, especially to phenanthridines (ethidium, prothidium, isometamidium) and diamidines (pentamidine, diminazene diaceturate [Berenil], hydroxystilbamidine, stilbamidine); concentrations of these drugs required for 50% inhibition of the Leptomonas were <5 μg/ml. In contrast, C. fasciculata was uninhibited by <20 μg of diamidines per ml and was three- to sixfold less susceptible than the Leptomonas to isometamidium and prothidium. Both trypanosomatids were susceptible to nucleoside antibiotics, e.g., nucleocidin. Neither was inhibited by suramin, melarsen, melarsen oxide, or tryparsamide. The Leptomonas was more susceptible to standard trypanocides than five other insect trypanosomatids in a complex medium; it was the only one inhibited by <20 μg of stilbamidine and hydroxystilbamidine per ml.

This study does not provide evidence for a role of MAP in the etiology of CD, although MAP DNA was detected in all three patient groups. This is the first report of MAP presence in human intestinal biopsies in Brazil.

No abstract

Introduction: Scar is defined as a process of tissue regeneration characterized by fibroblasts and a disorganized extracellular matrix, formed mainly by collagen. Thus it is understood that regeneration capacity is a phenomenon that occurs in order to repair an injured tissue. However, science has been looking for alternatives to assist in the repair process, and thus phytotherapy has been used as a therapeutic resource in medicine, and scientifically proven its efficiency. The plant Sonchus oleraceus is known, among other names, as “serralha” or sowthistle. It is a cosmopolitan species, found in several agricultural regions infesting crops. In Brazil, it is more frequent to grow in the winter and its seeds can be kept viable for eight years in the soil. This plant can be used as a popular drug for diuretic proposals, in cases of anemia, liver diseases and in cases of treatment of vitiligo in the eastern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate two different products (ointment and balsam) composed by S. oleraceus in the healing of surgical wounds in rats (Rattus novergicus).Materials, Methods & Results: Sonchus oleraceus specimens were obtained at the beginning of May, during the autumnwinter season, in which there is already a flowering of this plant. The leaves and stem of S. oleraceus were selected, cleaned and dried under study at 40°C of circulating air for four days for complete dehydration, and then ground in a knife mill. The constituents were prepared in 80% alcohol (v / v) and subjected to ultrasonic extraction for 60 min. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. oleraceus was concentrated on a rotary evaporator until all alcohol evaporated and the aqueous extract was obtained. The extracts were produced at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% and sent for manipulation of the pharmaceutical formulations of ointment and salve. Forty Wistar rats were divided into eight groups for evaluation of different products (salve and ointment). The wounds were created on the back of the animals and the products were applied daily; for analysis, clinical evaluations and wound measurement were performed daily. After 15 days, a biopsy was performed for histopathological analysis and quantification of type I and III collagen fibers. Measurement of the wound in rats treated with ointment containing 15% of extract presented better tissue retraction, with complete retraction observed after 10 days of treatment. Type I collagen was predominant in all samples; however, the healing properties of the balsam containing 5% extract and ointment containing 5% and 15% extract were significantly different.Discussion: As a conclusion, Sonchus oleraceus influenced the healing process of the skin. This pharmacological action is probably directly related to the amount of flavonoids present in its composition, that is, the higher the extract concentration, the better its efficacy. However, a better efficacy in the ointment is emphasized by better adhesion to the skin. Studies have shown that the flavonoids present in most plants have relevant healing activity, stimulating the proliferation of fibroblasts and the production of collagen, acting on the inhibition of metalloproteinase, thus increasing the rate of synthesized collagen. Other researchers reported a high concentration of flavonoids (anthocyanins and tannins) that act as mediators of inflammation, stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor, observed in this species.

desse carrapato e as diferentes medidas aplicadas no seu controle. A revisão SILVEIRA, W.H., CARVALHO, G.D. e PECONICK, A.P. Medidas de controle do carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus: uma breve revisão. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 10, Ed. 259, Art. 1715, Maio, 2014 de literatura embasou-se na consulta bibliográfica a periódicos científicos e livros da área de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia que abordavam o tema controle de carrapatos. Por meio das informações obtidas, pode-se observar que o controle químico se faz soberano, porém os métodos de controle alternativos, onde nesse contexto foram abordados, métodos orgânicos, biológicos e imunológicos, além de práticas de manejo de pastagem, tem se demonstrado efeitos satisfatórios no controle do carrapato R. (B.) microplus.Palavras-chave: bovinos, carrapato, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. INTRODUÇÃOOs carrapatos são animais originários da Ásia, mais precisamente da Índia e Ilha de Java. Sua expansão mundial se deu por meio das expedições exploradoras, com o transporte de animais e de mercadorias (GONZALES, 1993; MATTHYSSE, 1984) A espécie de carrapatos mais comum em bovinos no Brasil é Boophilus O carrapato dos bovinos encontra-se amplamente difundido no Brasil, o qual possui o maior rebanho bovino comercial do mundo, estimado em 200 milhões de animais, ele é o principal vetor de patologias de alta morbidade e mortalidade como a anaplasmose e a babesiose bovina. Tais doenças também estão associados aos prejuízos determinados pela infestação por carrapatos, os SILVEIRA, W.H., CARVALHO, G.D. e PECONICK, A.P. Medidas de controle do carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus: uma breve revisão. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 10, Ed. 259, Art. 1715, Maio, 2014 quais causam anemia, queda na produção e até mesmo a morte de bovinos (BRITO, 2009 Controle QuímicoPor mais de um século, o controle químico pelo uso de acaricidas tem sido a principal forma de controle dos carrapatos, no entanto o uso indiscriminado dos carrapaticidas tem determinado um grave quadro de resistência, de ordem genética, dos carrapatos em relação as drogas (FURLONG, 1993;SANGSTER, 2001;TAYLOR, 2001). A resistência tem se SILVEIRA, W.H., CARVALHO, G.D. e PECONICK, A.P. Medidas de controle do carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus: uma breve revisão. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 10, Ed. 259, Art. 1715, Maio, 2014 desenvolvido cada vez mais rápido, de tal forma que a vida útil dos produtos foi reduzida para quatro a cinco anos em média (HONER e GOMES, 1990 Controle OrgânicoA crescente importância da Agricultura Orgânica no mercado nacional e internacional, gera demanda por trabalhos de experimentação científica que testem a eficiência comparativa de diferentes sistemas e técnicas alternativos ao modelo convencional agroquímico e portanto, aceitáveis no contexto das normas orgânicas de certificação (IFOAM, 1992; FAO/OMS, 1999; Min. da Agricultura, 1999;IBD, 1999) (TOLEDO e SOUZA, 2002.No campo da Pecuária Orgânica, uma das prioridades consiste na busca de métodos de controle fitoterápico e homeopático de par...

 RESUMORelatou-se um caso de espinha bífida aberta em uma bezerra de seis dias de idade que apresentava decúbito lateral permanente, pescoço em posição de opistótono, membros torácicos estendidos, impotência funcional dos membros pélvicos e fístulação na região lombar. Todos os achados clínicos, radiográficos e necroscópicos, descritos neste trabalho, são compatíveis com um quadro de espinha bífida aberta, sendo este o primeiro relato no estado de Minas Gerais. (Saperstein et al., 1975). Embora malformações congênitas sejam facilmente reconhecidas pelas alterações morfológicas e funcionais que produzem, suas causas não são facilmente detectadas. A maioria dos defeitos congênitos hereditários conhecidos é transmitida por genes recessivos autossômicos, que resultam no nascimento de animais defeituosos, cujos progenitores são normais (Radostits et al., 2002).Recebido em 1 de outubro de 2011 Aceito em 1 de outubro de 2012 *Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: gabriel.carvalho@ifnmg.edu.br Múltiplos fatores podem estar relacionados com as causas de espinha bífida, entre eles estão as causas genéticas, cromossômicas e ambientais. A ação de teratógenos, como agentes físicos (radiação), químicos, biológicos (infecções virais e bacterianas) ou causas multifatoriais, levam a falha primária no fechamento do tubo neural ou ruptura deste após seu fechamento, gerando assim malformações congênitas da medula, espinha ou do encéfalo (Maxie e Youssef, 2007).Nos casos de espinha bífida (EB), há uma falha na fusão dos arcos das vértebras, tipicamente na região lombar. Existem graus variáveis, desde a espinha bífida oculta, na qual o defeito é apenas no arco ósseo, até a espinha bífida aberta, muitas vezes associada à meningocele (protrusão das meninges) ou mielomeningocele (protrusão de elementos neurais além das meninges) (Nussbaum et al., 2003).

This case reports an eight-years-old horse that presented a unilateral tumor in the left ocular orbital region diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, gross anatomopathological and histopathological investigations. The affected area was exenteration and submitted to histopathological evaluation and was diagnosed as a non-teratoid medulloepithelioma. This is a rare ocular neoplasm that usually affects young individuals – and was composed by neuroepithelium arranged in tubules and Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes without presence of heteroplastic components. The animals died and was submitted to post-mortem evaluation, revealing presence of medulloepithelioma metastases at the internal region of the head, lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. This neoplasm usually presents a benign frame; however, the case herein described shows that it can be highly malignant and aggressive since it can cause extensive lesions and spread metastases to visceral organs.