Nowadays, the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry has been determined by a system or networks involving a variety of factors, therefore is essential to identify them. This study identified and analyzed the variables that impact the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry worldwide. We used the Model of Michael Porter for the Competitiveness operationalized with the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum and determined which factors affect the international competitiveness in the pharmaceutical industry. Through a discriminant analysis, the study identified 32 determinants factors that affect the international competitiveness of this industry. Implications for companies, the pharmaceutical industry and for foreign direct investment policy were detailed in the study.
ResumenEn los últimos años, la competitividad de la industria farmacéutica ha sido determinada por un sistema o redes que involucran una gran variedad de factores, por lo que resulta indispensable identificarlos. Este estudio identificó y analizó las variables que impactan la competitividad del sector farmacéutico a nivel internacional. Utilizando el modelo de la Competitividad de Michael Porter y operacionalizado con los Índices de Competitividad Global del World Economic Forum se determinó que factores condicionan la competitividad internacional en la industria farmacéutica. A través de un análisis discriminante, el estudio identificó 32 factores que determinan la competitividad internacional de esta industria. Implicaciones para las empresas, la industria farmacéutica como para la políti-ca de inversión directa extranjera se detallan en el estudio.
RESUMENLos componentes de la dotación de factores, como una de las dimensiones del modelo de la competitividad de Porter, ejercen un papel muy importante sobre la competitividad y localización de la industria farmacéutica. Por ello, el estudio se orienta a indagar longitudinalmente si dichos aspectos (factores extraídos desde los Global Competitiveness Reports 2001-2002, 2004-2005 y 2007-2008) son determinantes en la competitividad internacional de la industria farmacéutica, así como en clasificar grupos de países en función a si son de mayor, intermedia o menor competitividad en el mencionado sector.Palabras clave: dotación de factores, competitividad internacional, industria farmacéutica, Modelo del Diamante de la Competitividad de Michael Porter.The importance of factor endowments on international competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industryABSTRACTThe components of factor endowment, as one dimension of the competitiveness model´s Porter, have an important role on competitiveness and location of the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, the study was designed to investigate longitudinally whether these aspects (factors extracted from the Global Competitiveness Reports 2001-2002, 2004-2005 and 2007-2008) are determinants in the international competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry and to classify groups countries according to whether they are major, intermediate or less competitive in that industry.Keywords: factor endowments, international competitiveness, pharmaceutical industry, Competitiveness Diamond Model´s Michael Porter.
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