RESUMOLocalizado a 48 km da cidade de Fortaleza, o distrito de Iguape possui uma pequena praia frequentada por moradores da região, sendo reduto de pescadores que trabalham de forma artesanal e tiram da pesca o seu sustento. Visto a importância que essa atividade econômica tem para a população local, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar a pesca artesanal, analisar a biodiversidade da ictiofauna e saber quais aquelas que são de importância econômica para a comunidade. Os resultados mostraram que são utilizadas embarcações do tipo jangadas e paquetes a vela e botes a remo em pescarias de "ir e vir" e de "dormir". As pescarias são realizadas com linha de mão, tarrafas e redes de espera. Foram capturados 2.655 espécimens, inseridos em duas classes, sete ordens, 18 famílias e 32 espécies, revelando uma elevada diversidade e riqueza de espécies, com destaque para Harengula clupeola, Opisthonema oglinum, Haemulon parra e Haemulon plumierii, que contribuem acentuadamente para a renda da comunidade pesqueira.Palavras-chave: atividade econômica, peixe marinho, embarcações. ABSTRACTLocated at 48 km from Fortaleza, the district of Iguape has a small beach frequented by residents of the region, it is a redoubt of artisanal fishermen that have the fishing as the main income. Considering the importance of this economic activity to the local population, the objective of this research was to characterize the artisanal fishery, to analyze the biodiversity of the fish fauna and to know which ones are of economic importance to the community. The fleet is composed by small wooden rafts that are hollow or filled with Styrofoam and driven by sail or paddle. The fishing activities last from some hours to 2 days. The fisheries are carried out with handlines, casting nets and gillnets. A total of 2.655 specimens were caught, belonging to 2 classes, 7 orders, 18 families and 32 species, revealing a high diversity and species richness, mainly from Harengula clupeola, Opisthonema oglinum, Haemulon parra and Haemulon plumieri, contributing significantly to the fishing community income.
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