An alternative to mitigate the consumption of fossil fuels is the use of biomass as an energy source. In this sense, the rural sector in Latin America has great potential due to its multiple biomass sources. For this reason, this study aims to analyze potential technologies related to the production of energy from biomass and its application in the Latin American rural sector. To achieve this, four key processes are analyzed. First is biomass conditioning through solar dryers. Next are the thermochemical processes that allow for their transformation into biofuels, for which the pyrolysis and the hydrothermal methods were selected due to the flexibility of the products obtained. Subsequently, cogeneration is studied to produce electrical and thermal energy from biomass or its derivatives. Finally, to close the CO2 cycle, a balance of CO2 fixation in a forest plantation is presented as an example of carbon accumulated in biomass. The literature systematic review allowed us to determine that the technologies mentioned in this work have different degrees of implementation in the Latin American rural sector. However, they have great potential to be applied on a large scale in the region, making it possible to adapt energy production to climate change and improve the life quality of its inhabitants.
Los esquemas de cogeneración son ampliamente rentables en plantas que realizan procesos industriales que presentan una elevada relación calor-electricidad, y es en éstos en los que se presentan los mayores beneficios económicos de los proyectos de cogeneración. Los procesos de PEMEX caen dentro de esta situación. En esta empresa existe un gran potencial de cogeneración, mucho mayor que toda la capacidad instalada actualmente en México. Se están buscando crear las posibilidades legales para que pueda ser realizado con la mayor eficiencia posible. Pero también se observa que existen posturas que no ven con buenos ojos esta alternativa tecnológica.
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