The cycle and grain yield of bean crops can be influenced by several factors, among them sowing season and bean cultivar. The objective of this work is to evaluate the development, production components, and grain yield of common bean cultivars in function of sowing seasons. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Universidade do Oeste Paulista in the municipality of Presidente Bernardes, São Paulo state, in 2016. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial design with four replications. The treatments were four sowing seasons (SS1 -April 12; SS2 -May 14; SS3 -June 11; and SS4 -July 14), and four common bean cultivars (BRS Estilo, BRS Pérola, BRS Requinte, and IPR Campos Gerais). The phenological stages V4, R6 and R9, plant height, plant population, number of pods per plant, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield were influenced by sowing seasons and bean cultivars. The highest grain yields for the cv. BRS Estilo, BRS Requinte and IPR Campos Gerais were obtained at SS2. However, for the cv. BRS Pérola, it occurred at SS4. At SS1, the highest grain yield was obtained by the cv. BRS Estilo, and other sowing seasons by the cv. BRS Pérola.
In tropical grass seed production fields, reducing plant size can increase the solar radiation to the base of the plant canopy and improve the quantity and quality of the seeds produced. This research studied the responses of the production components, the productivity, and the seed quality of U. brizantha cv. MG-5 to different canopy sequential cuttings under cultivation conditions in rain fed systems. Two experiments were carried out (agricultural year 2015/16 (s1) and 2016/17 (s2)) in a randomized block experimental design with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of sequential cut-off, indicating the month of the last cut and the agricultural year: for the 2015/16 agricultural year: Aug - s1, Sep - s1, Oct - s1, Nov - s1, Dec - s1, Jan - s1, and Feb - s1; for the 2016/17 agricultural year: Aug - s2; Set - s2; Nov - s2; Dec - s2; Jan - s2, and Feb - s2. Plant growth biometrics, seed quality variables, and productivity were evaluated. The sequential cut strategy increased the productivity and quality of pure seeds when the final cuts were done between November and December. Cuts performed after December increased the reproductive components. However, in the region in question, rainfall levels compromised seed filling; and therefore productivity and quality since the flowering of these cuttings (January and February) occurs in May.
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