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Sobrevivência de embriões de peixe-rei em salinidade Efeito de diferentes concentrações de salinas (NaCl) na sobrevivência de embriões de peixe -rei Odontesthes bonariensis e Odontesthes humensis

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the pH effects on growth, survival, water quality, proximal composition of bioflocs and oxidative stress of Nile tilapia in biofloc technology (BFT) system. Twenty‐five fish (3.68 ± 0.93 g) were distributed in each tank (useful vol. 37.5 L), utilizing treatments with pH 8.3, 7.5 and 6.5 at 60 days. During the experiment, the oxidation of total ammonia was similar among the treatments. However, the NO2−‐N oxidation was slower at pH 6.5 (10.1 ± 1.0 mg/L) compared to pH 7.5 (7.0 ± 0.6 mg/L) and 8.3 (7.1 ± 1.5 mg/L). The final weight was higher for pH 7.5 treatment (44.1 ± 0.9 g) compared to pH 8.3 (37.1 ± 3.9 g), while the pH 6.5 (40.4 ± 4.1 g) was like to the other treatments. Moreover, the survival, daily growth rate and the food conversion rate were not affected by treatments. When evaluating physiological and biochemical parameters, no alterations were detected, therefore, indicating that fish have a good health status. Thus, the present study demonstrates that BFT for a Nile tilapia nursery, utilizing pH 6.5–7.5, promotes the best results in terms of growth, net yield and efficiency.

-The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi and Saccharomyces boulardii as probiotics to improve Rhamdia quelen culture. Six hundred larvaes (0.16±0.07 g) were divided in three replicate tanks (25-L recirculation, 20 o C, photoperiod of 12 h light/12 h darkness) per treatment and were randomly assigned to the following treatments: Bacillus cereus var. toyoi; Saccharomyces boulardii; B. toyoi and S. boulardii; and control (without probiotic addition) for a period of 30 days. The fish were fed five times daily (56% crude protein -Supra alevino inicial ® ) and the probiotics were applied in water once a day. The doses of probiotics were ≅ 5 × 10 8 and ≅ 2 × 10 9 CFU (colony forming unit)/mL for B. cereus var. toyoi and S. boulardii, respectively. Both probiotics have an inhibitory effect in vitro against Vibrio carchariae and are able to grow in media prepared with fishery water; however, no effect was observed on growth parameters when they were administered to Rhamdia quelen larvae.

Silversides are fish that inhabit marine coastal waters, coastal lagoons, and estuarine regions in southern South America. The freshwater (FW) silversides have the ability to tolerate salinity variations. Odontesthes humensis have similar habitats and biological characteristics of congeneric O. bonariensis, the most studied silverside species and with great economic importance. Studies revealed that O. bonariensis is not fully adapted to FW, despite inhabiting hyposmotic environments in nature. However, there is little information about stressful environments for cultivation of silverside O. humensis. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stress and osmoregulation responses triggered by the osmotic transfers on silverside O. humensis. Silversides were acclimated to FW (0 ppt) and to brackish water (BW, 10 ppt) and then they were exposed to opposite salinity treatment. Silverside gills and blood were sampled on pre-transfer (D0) and 1, 7, and 15 days (D1, D7, and D15) after changes in environmental salinity, the expression levels of genes atp1a3a, slc12a2b, kcnh1, and hspa1a were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR for evaluation of osmoregulatory and stress responses. Furthermore, glycemia, hematocrit, and osmolality were also evaluated. The expression of atp1a3a was up- and down-regulated at D1 after the FW–BW and BW–FW transfers, respectively. Slc12a2b was up-regulated after FW–BW transfer. Similarly, kcnh1 and hspa1a were up-regulated at D1 after the BW–FW transfer. O. humensis blood osmolality decreased after the exposure to FW. It remained stable after exposure to BW, indicating an efficient hyposmoregulation. The glycemia had a peak at D1 after BW–FW transfer. No changes were observed in hematocrit. The return to the pre-transfer levels at D7 after the significant increases in responses of almost all evaluated molecular and blood parameters indicated that this period is enough for acclimation to the experimental conditions. In conclusion, our results suggest that BW–FW transfer is more stressful to O. humensis than FW–BW transfer and the physiology of O. humensis is only partially adapted to FW.

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Attempting to improve reproduction performance and ichthyo prophylaxis, this study evaluated the effects of maintaining silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) broodstock in different saline concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8‰)

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de restrição alimentar sobre o desempenho zootécnico e custo de alimentação em juvenis de tainha (Mugil liza). Foram avaliados cinco taxas de alimentação -100, 80, 60, 40 e 20% da saciedade, denominados F100%, F80%, F60%, F40% e F20% -, em triplicata. Juvenis com 0,21±0,03 g (n=30) foram distribuídos em 15 tanques de 200 L. A estimativa do custo foi feita quanto à produção de mil juvenis de tainha. A sobrevivência foi superior a 93%, e não houve influência dos tratamentos. A taxa de crescimento específico no tratamento F100% foi de 5,96±0,18% por dia, e o peso final foi aproximadamente seis vezes maior que o inicial. Tainhas do tratamento F20% apresentaram menor índice hepatossomático, hepatócitos e núcleos menores e menor reserva de glicogênio hepático em relação aos demais tratamentos. A redução da taxa de alimentação influenciou negativamente o crescimento de juvenis de tainha. No entanto, uma taxa de alimentação em torno de 72% da saciedade é capaz de promover o melhor aproveitamento do alimento consumido, com 28% de redução do custo da ração.Termos para indexação: Mugil liza, conversão alimentar, custo de produção, saciedade. Growth performance and feeding costs of juvenile mullet subjected to feed restrictionAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of restricted feeding on the growth and fed costs of juvenile mullet (Mugil liza). Five feeding levels -100, 80, 60, 40 e 20% satiation, named as F100%, F80%, F60%, F40% e F20% -were evaluated in triplicate. Juvenile mullets with 0.21±0.03 g (n=30) were randomly distributed in 15 tanks of 200 L. Cost estimation was done for the production of one thousand juvenile mullets. Survival was higher than 93%, and there was no influence of treatments. The specific growth rate of mullet in the F100% treatment was 5.96±0.18% per day, and the final weight was six-fold higher than the initial one. Mullets of the F20% treatment had the smallest liver somatic index, smallest hepatocytes and nuclei, and the smallest hepatic glycogen reserve, in comparison to fish of other treatments. The feeding level reduction hampered the juvenile mullet growth. However, a feeding level of about 72% satiation is capable of promoting a better utilization of the feed consumed, with 28% reduction of feed costs.Index terms: Mugil liza, feed conversion, production cost, satiety. IntroduçãoO manejo alimentar adequado é um dos fatores determinantes do sucesso do processo produtivo, uma vez que o consumo de alimentos influencia diretamente o crescimento e a conversão alimentar dos peixes (Mohseni et al., 2006). Restos alimentares decorrentes do manejo inadequado ou oriundos da baixa digestibilidade das rações podem comprometer a qualidade da água (Jana et al., 2006;Mohanta et al., 2008). As exigências nutricionais dos peixes também podem ser alteradas pelo consumo alimentar, pois a modificação da velocidade de passagem do bolo alimentar pelo estômago e intestino pode alterar a digestibilidade e absorção dos nutrientes (Fern...