Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; critical revision.
ABSTRACT PURPOSE:To evaluate renal histological changes and renal function in single kidney rats submitted to renal ischemia-reperfusion and to immunosuppression with tacrolimus and mycophenolate-mofetil.
METHODS:Experimental study with 80 Wistar rats distributed into control, Sham and six other groups treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Animals undergoing surgery, right nephrectomy and left renal clamping, killed on the 14 th day and analyzed for renal histology, urea and creatinine.
RESULTS:The group receiving tacrolimus at higher doses (T3) showed renal histological lesions indicative of early nephrotoxicity, and significant increase in urea and creatinine. The group M (mycophenolate-mofetil alone) and the group M2 (mycophenolate-mofetil combined with half the usual dose of tacrolimus) presented a slight rise in serum urea. The groups using mycophenolate-mofetil alone or combined with tacrolimus showed creatinine levels similar to that of the group T3.
CONCLUSIONS:Histologically, the association of injury by ischemia-reperfusion with the use of tacrolimus or mycophenolatemofetil alone demonstrated a higher rate of renal changes typical of early nephrotoxicity. In laboratory, the combination of injury by ischemia-reperfusion with tacrolimus at higher doses proved to be nephrotoxic.
Uniformity in the deposition of granulated fertilizers in the seed furrow is essential for crop development and productivity. Quantitative (dose and flow) and qualitative factors (segregation and formulation) influence granulated fertilizer distribution throughout its application. This experiment aimed to compare the deposition of two granulated fertilizers with different chemical formulations (04-14-08 and 04-30-10), using the helical overflow metering mechanism at three different operating speeds (4.0, 7.0, and 10.0 km h −1 ), simulated on an electronic bench. The granulated fertilizers were analyzed for particle size, density, angle of repose, and water content. On the other hand, the deposition data were subjected to descriptive statistics and frequency histograms. The angle of repose and water content did not differ between fertilizers, while the density difference was not significant. The granulated fertilizer 04-30-10 presented the most uniform particle size compared to the granulated fertilizer 04-14-08. The higher particle size uniformity was responsible for a more homogeneous deposition in the seed furrow for the granulated fertilizer 04-30-10 at a speed of 4.0 km h −1 , followed by 7.0 km h −1 .
Automatic production management (APM) is a tool that assists in the operations of agricultural tractors, increasing yield and energy efficiency. The objective of the experiment was to compare the energy and operational performance of a 373-kW articulated tractor equipped with APM and manual mode of engine transmission and rotation, across different real-world speeds. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with five replicates, using a split-plot arrangement with two system modes (manual and automatic) in the plots and four real-world speeds (4, 6, 8, and 10 km h-1) in the subplots, totaling 40 experimental units. The evaluated variables were: wheel slippage; engine rotation; hourly and specific fuel consumptions; drawbar force, power, and yield; operating speed; and engine thermal efficiency. The variance of the data was analyzed using Tukey’s test for the first factor, and regression analysis for the second factor and interactions. The automatic mode showed lower engine rotation and wheel slippage without compromising the other variables. The use of this mode showed energy advantages at 4 and 6 km h-1 by resulting in less fuel consumption per hour. In addition, the manual mode presented higher thermal efficiency at lower speeds than the automatic mode, which showed a linear increase.
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