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The authors conclude that after a mean follow-up of more than 40 months axillary nodal irradiation may control the disease in the axilla as effectively as completion axillary lymph node dissection and there was also no difference in terms of overall survival.

The prognostic significance of spontaneous regression of primary melanoma is a controversial issue. Studies on sentinel lymph node status and circulating tumour cells may represent a step towards a better understanding. The clinical details of 269 melanoma patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy were analysed. Correlation was sought between the parameters of the primary tumour, particularly tumours showing a partial intermediate level of regression, and sentinel lymph node status. The presence of circulating tumour cells was studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for tyrosinase messenger RNA preoperatively in 94 patients. Of the examined tumours, 27.8% showed histological features of a partial intermediate level of regression. Regressive tumours were localized predominantly on the trunk (P=0.006), were significantly thinner (P<0.0000) and were less frequently ulcerated (P=0.003) than tumours without regression. Moreover, the majority of regressive melanomas were of the superficial spreading type (P<0.0000) and their sentinel node status was more favourable (P=0.026). We demonstrated the presence of circulating tumour cells in five of 26 (19.2%) regressive and 19 of 68 (29.4%) non-regressive tumours. The difference was not significant (P=0.32). By multivariate analysis, however, the Breslow thickness and ulceration of the primary tumour were predictors of the sentinel lymph node status, in agreement with literature data. A partial intermediate level of regression of the primary tumour did not affect unfavourably the sentinel lymph node status in our study. We failed to demonstrate a significant relationship between the presence of circulating tumour cells and either primary tumour regression or the sentinel lymph node status.

Patients with isolated ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence face completion mastectomy in the majority of cases. Selected patients may derive good outcomes from repeat breast conservation surgery and indeed repeat irradiation may be employed using one of many different modalities. Tumor biology rather than salvage surgery method is likely to influence outcome. Patients with isolated breast tumor recurrence are treated in the majority of cases with completion mastectomy, when for selected patients there exists little evidence that more radical surgery provides better outcomes in terms of further recurrence and overall survival, than repeated breast conserving surgery. Literature search identifying articles addressing the issue of repeat breast conserving surgery for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, and repeat radiotherapy(search terms include: repeat breast conserving surgery, salvage mastectomy, salvage breast conserving surgery,salvage radiotherapy, reirradiation). Thirty-five articles discussed the outcomes of repeat breast conserving surgery versus salvage mastectomy, methods of repeat breast irradiation, repeat sentinel lymph node biopsy and related factors. Repeat breast conserving surgery may represent a safe and feasible treatment method for isolated ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence.

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Lymphoscintigraphy followed by dual-agent guided inguinal SLNB is technically feasible for staging patients with primary anal cancer. The detection of metastases in the removed sentinel lymph node(s) may alter the treatment and thus may improve the locoregional control and overall survival of these patients.