Background: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of NMOSD in Hungary based on the 2015 International Panel of NMO diagnosis criteria. Methods: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study of 6.4 million Hungarians (age≥16) between 01 January 2006 and 31 December 2016. We selected possible NMOSD patients via multistage re-evaluation from multiple sources. Crude, sex-, and serostatus specific prevalence (per 100,000 persons) and incidence rates (per 1,000,000 person-years) from 2006 to 2015, and ageadjusted rates were estimated.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term adverse effect (AE) profile of azathioprine (AZA) plus methylprednisolone combined immunosuppressive treatment in myasthenia gravis (MG) in a larger patient cohort. A prospective, open, observational study was conducted on 163 MG patients treated with combined immunosuppressive medication for a mean duration of 35.5 months (range 9-79 months). During the treatment course, AEs occurred in 61.4% of patients; 18% of these patients developed both steroid- and AZA-related AE, 15% had purely AZA-related AE and 67% had steroid-associated AEs. Severe AEs were encountered in only 6.7% of patients in whom treatment had to be discontinued. The clinical severity of MG at the start of the immunosuppressive treatment was positively correlated with the frequency and severity of AEs during the treatment, and patients with severe MG were found to be at higher risk of developing AEs during the combined immunosuppressive treatment. Combined immunosuppressive treatment of MG patients is well tolerated, and severe AEs requiring treatment cessation are rare. The incidence of steroid-related AEs is high during long-time therapy which underlines the importance of its combination with AZA. The probability of developing AEs seems to correlate with the severity of MG at the beginning of the treatment.

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We report the first European case of cerebral iodized lipid embolism post transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipiodol emboli and corresponding multifocal brain ischemia were documented with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) in the acutely symptomatic patient. Transcranial Doppler sonography with contrast indicated a right-to-left shunt, while on a follow-up CT scan lipiodol embolization was detected in both lungs. Dilated pulmonary vessels and thick vascular channels were seen in the vicinity of the right diaphragm suggestive of pulmonary arteriovenous shunt. The patient symptoms regressed with supportive care alone, but he died 5 months later due to hepatic failure unrelated to the procedure.