This paper presents a decoupling IPD voltage control for three-phase DC/AC inverter. Though most of three-phase inverter system for UPS or stand alone renewable energy system have been analyzed by using DQ model and controlled with IPD controller. For the simplification of this DQ model coupled each other, DQ decoupling technique is proposed firstly and so the MIMO system can be changed to SISO system. Secondary, the CRA based design procedure for IPD controller is presented and it satisfies the specified time response and overshoot of the controller, of which parameters are determined practically by trial and error method. Finally, the performance of this proposed algorithm is verified through PSiM simulation.
This paper presents an optimal grid-supporting power-to-gas (GS-P2G) control scheme that coordinates the operation of a grid-forming inverter (GFMI), battery energy storage (BES), and hydrogen energy storage (HES) in a power-to-gas (P2G) system. The design aims to optimally maintain the steady state of the active power flow under critical conditions by smoothing the fluctuating power that flows to the grid from renewable energy sources (RES). P2G contributes to procuring hydrogen supply systems in areas with low-density transmission networks and gas-supply infrastructure. For instance, P2G energy could originate from the RES, which would otherwise be curtailed depending on the network constraints. Furthermore, to prevent waste, HES and existing natural gas networks can potentially store and reuse this energy. The GS-P2G control concept enables GFMI to respond rapidly to the intermittency and variability of wind power, cover the power surplus/deficits by charging/discharging the BES, and prevent the grid voltage and frequency from deviating away from the normal ranges. Therefore, the optimized control scheme presented in this article combines the power management system (PMS) and grid support function with an optimization function for highly RES-penetrated areas. The measured experimental results were evaluated and briefly discussed to demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed control scheme.INDEX TERMS Grid forming, grid support, optimal control, power management, power-to-gas. NOMENCLATURE Abbreviations P2GPower to gas GS-P2G Grid supporting power to gas GFM Grid forming GFMI Grid forming inverter RES Renewable energy source SGs Synchronous generators VSG Virtual synchronous generator BES Battery storage system BES-C Battery storage system converter HES Hydrogen storage system HES-CHydrogen storage system converterThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Nagesh Prabhu .
This paper proposes a robust digital controller for PWM voltage source inverter using CRA method. The usual inverter controller for the operation of constant voltage and constant frequency consists of a double looped PI controller for the outer voltage controller and the inner current controller, of which the order of characteristic polynomial is high and so the gain tuning is difficult. Considering the limited switching frequency of the devices and sampling frequency of the digital controller, the gain tuning is usually based on the engineering experiences with the try and error method. In this paper, the error-space approach is used to get the system model including the controller with low order, and the characteristic ratio assignment (CRA) method is proposed for the design of robust controller which has the advantage to design the optimal gain to meet the referenced response and overshoot within the limit range. The PSiM simulation and experience results are shown to verify the validity of the proposed controller.
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