Abstract. The Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou (known as "Su-Xi-Chang") area, located in the southern part of Jiangsu Province, China, experienced serious land subsidence caused by overly exploitation of groundwater. The largest cumulative land subsidence has reached 3 m. With the rapid progress of land subsidence since the late 1980s, more than 20 earth fissures developed in Su-Xi-Chang area, although no pre-existing faults have been detected in the surroundings. The mechanisms of earth fissure generation associated with excessive groundwater pumping are: (i) differential land subsidence, (ii) differences in the thickness of the aquifer system, and (iii) bedrock ridges and cliffs at relatively shallow depths. In this study, the Guangming Village Earth Fissures in Wuxi area are selected as a case study to discuss in details the mechanisms of fissure generation. Aquifer exploitation resulted in a drop of groundwater head at a rate of 5-6 m yr −1 in the 1990s, with a cumulative drawdown of 40 m. The first earth fissure at Guangming Village was observed in 1998. The earth fissures, which developed in a zone characterized by a cumulative land subsidence of approximately 800 mm, are located at the flank of a main subsidence bowl with differential subsidence ranging from 0 to 1600 mm in 2001. The maximum differential subsidence rate amounts to 5 mm yr −1 between the two sides of the fissures. The fissure openings range from 30 to 80 mm, with a cumulative length of 1000 m. Depth of bed rock changes from 60 to 140 m across the earth fissure. The causes of earth fissure generation at Guangming Village includes a decrease in groundwater levels, differences in the thickness of aquifer system, shallow depths of bedrock ridges and cliffs, and subsequent differential land subsidence.
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) cases have an extremely high mortality rate, even with the support of mechanical ventilation (MV) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This report provides initial experience of bilateral lung transplantation (LT) as a salvage therapy for patients with progressive deterioration of lung function and multiple negative nucleic acid tests post-COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old man had fever and cough for 1 day and a history of contact with a COVID-19 patient on January 20, presented to local hospital in Jiangsu Province, on January 23. COVID-19 was confirmed and progressively refractory hypoxemia was presented. MV support started from February 7 followed by tracheostomy. Convalescent plasma was infused. The patient still progressed to severe ARDS, although nucleic acid tests were negative. Veno-venous (V-V) ECMO was adopted to support the patient's life and LT was considered. On February 28, the patient manifested an unstable hemodynamic status and an urgent LT was performed with an additional V-A ECMO intraoperatively. ECMO was weaned off 37 hours post-surgery. The patient had intermittently weaned off MV since postoperative day 3 and the rehabilitation program was initiated. DISCUSSION: This case inspires further consideration of candidate evaluation, protection of medical team and research on posttransplantation physical dynamics (Table 1). More evidence are needed to evaluate this salvage therapy in terms of the short-term and long-term benefits. CONCLUSIONS: Although cases are limited, it provides initial experience on how to prepare both the medical team and the patient for the high-risk LT for ARDS post-COVID-19. DISCLOSURE: No significant relationships.
Abstract. With the process of people moving from rural to urban area, the urban land boundary expanded significantly. In this paper, the urban land areas of Qingdao were extracted by using remote sensing images from 2010 to 2018. The spatiotemporal pattern of urban expansion in Qingdao city was revealed. Furthermore, the land cover type of the urban expansion area and urbanization rate were also analyzed to study the quality of urban expansion in different counties. It has shown that over 95% land cover types are impervious in the build-up areas of Qingdao, e.g. Shibei and Shinan district. However, there are more forest and water land exist in the suburban counties. The urban land expansion rate and people urbanization rate are highly related.
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