Cystitis cystica was found at cystoscopy in 157 children between the ages of 9 1/2 months and 14 years. Girls were affected much more often than boys, the proportion being 153 to 4. Urinary infection, most commonly caused by E. coli, was almost invariable. Urinary tract anomalies, in particular vesico-ureteric reflux, were frequently present. Histologically, the cysts were composed of submucous aggregations of lymphoid tissue. Cystitis cystica affecting the ureteric orifices may contribute to the occurence of reflux and involvement of the bladder neck may produce some degree of vesical outlet obstruction.
Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PA) were measured in 20 healthy infants 2-12 months of age, after taking a commercial modified cow's milk formula with 8.2 mmol/l sodium for at least five days, and after at least five days on a home-made, undiluted acidified cow's milk formula with 12.6 mmol/l sodium. The mean sodium intakes were 1.20 and 1.87 mmol/kg of body weight per day respectively. The arithmetic means for the corresponding PRA were 6.16 and 1.08 ng/ml . h (difference not significant) and the corresponding arithmetic means for PA were 603 and 355 pg/ml, the difference being highly significant (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that one has to consider the sodium intake in the milk formula when studying plasma aldosterone in infancy.
Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration (PA) were measured in 20 healthy infants from 1 to 12 months of age during normal (3.03 mmol/kg/d) and high (5.20 mmol/kg/d) potassium intake. PRA did not change between regimes. PA rose significantly from 618 pg/ml during normal to 1136 pg/ml during high potassium intake. It is concluded that the potassium intake should be taken into consideration when studying plasma aldosterone in infancy.
This is the first report on the technique and the results of an antireflux ureterocystostomy in the vault of the bladder. During the last 3 years, a total of 106 antireflux ureterocystostomies at the vertex of the urinary bladder has been performed. In 93 cases without another preceding antireflux operation, only 2 (2-1%) recurrent refluxes were found, whereas in 13 cases where an antireflux operation had been performed previously, 4 cases of recurrent reflux were seen, making a 30% rate of operative failure in this particular group. In all other cases the end result was excellent; the urine has become negative on culture and the dilatation of the ureter has subsided.
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