In past decades poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has been one of the most attractive polymeric candidates used to fabricate devices for diagnostics and other applications of clinical and basic science research, including vaccine, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and tissue engineering. In addition, PLGA and its co-polymers are important in designing nanoparticles with desired characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradation, particle size, surface properties, drug release and target ability and exhibit a wide range of erosion times. PLGA has been approved by the US FDA for use in drug delivery. This article represents the more recent successes of applying PLGA-based nanotechnologies and tools in these medicine-related applications, and factors affecting their degradation and drug release. It focuses on the possible mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment effects of PLGA preparations and devices.
With the emergence of nanotechnology, researchers have become interested in studying the unique properties of nanoscale materials. Nanofibers are attractive in the biomedical field for several reasons. First, surface area on nanofibers is much higher compared to bulk materials, which allows for enhanced adhesion of cells, proteins, and drugs. Second, nanofibers can be fabricated into sophisticated macroscale structures. The ability to fabricate nanofibers allows renewed efforts in developing hierarchical structures that mimic those in animals and humans. This article describes various fabrication methods of nanofibers including phase separation, self assembly and electrospinning. Electrospinning, an electrostatic fiber fabrication technique, has evinced more interest and attention in recent years due to its versatility and potential for applications in diverse fields. In this review article we have focused on geometrical, chemical and mechanical characterizations of nanofibers and its application in biomedical field. The notable applications are in the fields of tissue engineering, biosensors, wound dressings, drug delivery and cosmetic technology.
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