A bridged d0 zirconocene dichloride is reported as a first group 4 metal complex possessing rare long-lived ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excited states with high emission yields and excited-state lifetimes in fluid solutions (e.g., PhiLUM = 0.41 and tau = 17.6 micros in 1,2-dichlorobenzene at 20 degrees C). The basic emission parameters PhiLUM and tau are shown to be extremely solvent-dependent in fluids at room temperature. The first principle dependences of LMCT emission parameters on solvent properties are revealed with use of the target complex. For fluid solutions, the linear correlation between PhiLUM and tau is reported, thus suggesting that a solvent determines the rate constant for nonradiative decay, knr.

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Emphasis is given to redox, photophysical, and photochemical properties of homologous bent metallocenes of group 4 transition metals. Comparative analysis of a variety of electron-transfer induced transformations and ligand-to-metal charge-transfer excited states is performed for bent metallocene complexes upon systematic variation of the identity of the metal ion (Ti, Zr or Hf), ancillary π- and monodentate σ- (Cl, Me) ligands. For such organometallic π-complexes, linear correlations exist between energies of optical and redox HOMO-to-LUMO electron transitions. It is suggested that combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques provides important diagnostics to determine "ionisation potential" and "electron affinity" in solution (relative energies of frontier molecular orbitals obtained as redox potentials) and the energy gap in metallocene complexes. Some of earlier instructive cases of direct relationship between optical transition energies and differences in redox potentials revealed for inorganic and coordination compounds are discussed.

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For a class of pi-complexes as energy donors, with the use of highly emissive d(0) metallocenes Cp(2)MCl(2) where M = Zr and Hf, it is shown that radiationless triplet energy transfer to unsaturated hydrocarbons in a rigid nonpolar methylcyclohexane (MCH) matrix (where molecular diffusion is absent) obeys the Perrin equation, occurs at radii R(0), being close to the diameter of interacting molecules, and is well described by an electron-exchange resonant (Dexter) mechanism of interaction. Principle correlation between values of the critical radius and a number of C atoms in a linear alpha-olefin is for the first time reported, viz. R(0) (Angstrom) = -2.47 + 1.35n (obtained for systems [Cp(2)HfCl(2) + CnH(2)n + MCH] at 77 K). Pronounced blue shifts (up to 1000 cm(-1)) of low-temperature emission spectra of Cp(2)ZrCl(2) in MCH in the presence of dienes, possessing nonconjugated C=C bonds, are observed, thus suggesting inner-sphere diene coordination. In view of the experimental data, inner- and outer-sphere coordinative interaction between the components of catalytic systems for polymerization (d(0) metallocene precatalysts and alkenes and dienes) is rationalized.

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