International audienceThe current status of the large decameter radio telescope UTR-2 (Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope) together with its VLBI system called URAN is described in detail. By modernization of these instruments through implementation of novel versatile analog and digital devices as well as new observation techniques, the observational capabilities of UTR-2 have been substantially enhanced. The total effective area of UTR-2 and URAN arrays reaches 200 000 m2, with 24 MHz observational bandwidth (within the 8–32 MHz frequency range), spectral and temporal resolutions down to 4 kHz and 0.5 msec in dynamic spectrum mode or virtually unlimited in waveform mode. Depending on the spectral and temporal resolutions and confusion effects, the sensitivity of UTR-2 varies from a few Jy to a few mJy, and the angular resolution ranges from ~ 30 arcminutes (with a single antenna array) to a few arcseconds (in VLBI mode). In the framework of national and international research projects conducted in recent years, many new results on Solar system objects, the Galaxy and Metagalaxy have been obtained. In order to extend the observation frequency range to 8–80 MHz and enlarge the dimensions of the UTR-2 array, a new instrument – GURT (Giant Ukrainian Radio Telescope) – is now under construction. The radio telescope systems described herein can be used in synergy with other existing low-frequency arrays such as LOFAR, LWA, NenuFAR, as well as provide ground-based support for space-based instruments

We present an analysis of several Jovian Io-related decametric radio storms recorded in 2004−2012 at the Ukrainian array UTR-2 using the new generation of baseband digital receivers. Continuous baseband sampling within sessions lasting for several hours enabled us to study the evolution of multiscale spectral patterns during the whole storm at varying time and frequency resolutions and trace the temporal transformation of burst structures in unprecedented detail. In addition to the well-known frequency drifting millisecond patterns known as S bursts we detected two other classes of events that often look like S bursts at low resolution but reveal a more complicated structure in high resolution dynamic spectra. The emissions of the first type (LS bursts, superposition of L and S type emissions) have a much lower frequency drift rate than the usual quasi linearly drifting S bursts (QS) and often occur within a frequency band where L emission is simultaneously present, suggesting that both LS and at least part of L emissions may come from the same source. The bursts of the second type (modulated S bursts called MS) are formed by a wideband frequency-modulated envelope that can mimic S bursts with very steep negative (or even positive) drift rates. Observed with insufficient time-frequency resolution, MS look like S bursts with complex shapes and varying drifts; MS patterns often occur in association with (i) narrowband emission; (ii) S burst trains; or (iii) sequences of fast drift shadow events. We propose a phenomenological description for various types of S emissions, that should include at least three components: high-and low-frequency limitation of the overall frequency band of the emission, fast frequency modulation of emission structures within this band, and emergence of elementary S burst substructures, that we call "forking" structures. All together, these three components can produce most of the observed spectral structures, including S bursts with apparently very complex time-frequency structures.

Aims. The wide-band dynamic spectra of Jovian decameter emission obtained over the last decade with high-frequency and high time resolution equipment on the largest decameter band antenna array, the Ukrainian T-shape Radio telescope (UTR-2), are presented. Methods. We analyzed the data obtained with the Digital SpectroPolarimiter (DSP) and WaveForm Reciever (WFR) installed at UTR-2. The combination of the large antenna and high performance equipment gives the best sensitivity and widest band of analysis, dynamic range, time and frequency resolutions. The wavelet transform method and the Fourier technique was used for further data processing.Results. The main characteristics of already known and newly detected modulation events were investigated and specified. The new receiving-recording facilities, methodology and program of observations are described in detail.

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Abstract. The internal structure of the fundamental Jovian decameter radio emission, the simple-shaped millisecond (S-)bursts have been investigated with the continued wavelet transform (CWT) technique. The wide-band data taken for the present analysis have been obtained with the high-frequency and high-time-resolution equipment of a digital spectropolarimeter (DSP) and a waveform receiver installed on the world's largest decameter band radio telescope UTR-2 within the frame of a joint Ukraine-France-Austria-Russia INTAS project. In the wavelet spectra of the investigated events clear signatures of microsecond modulations have been found. These microsecond structures of simple Jovian S-bursts open new perspective on the development of a possible generation mechanism theory, which is briefly discussed.

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[1] We develop a theory of formation of a fine structure in the dynamic spectra of the Jovian decametric radio emission. Main attention is paid to the formation of narrowband (NB) emission and quasiperiodic trains of short (S) bursts. Our model is based on the effects of occurrence of the amplitude-frequency modulation and extension of the frequency spectrum of a signal during propagation of radiation in a medium with timevaried parameters. It is shown that nonstationary disturbances of the planetary magnetic field and strong frequency dispersion of the plasma at frequencies close to the cutoff frequency of the extraordinary wave in the Jovian ionosphere play a crucial role in the formation of NB emission and quasiperiodic trains of S bursts. As a result of the numerical experiments, it was concluded that the amplitude-frequency characteristics of an initially continuous signal can drastically vary as a functions of the form of the magnetic field disturbance in the Jovian ionosphere. Structures similar to those observed in the real experiments, ranging from NB emission and quasiperiodic trains of S bursts to more complex structures, arise in the dynamic spectrum. Time variation in the conditions of generation and propagation of decametric radiation in the Jovian ionosphere is reflected in the dynamic spectrum as a time variation in the fine structure of the radiation. For example, a structure of the NB emission type is replaced by a quasiperiodic train of S bursts and vice versa.Citation: Shaposhnikov, V. E., S. V. Korobkov, H. O. Rucker, A. V. Kostrov, M. E. Gushchin, and G. V. Litvinenko (2011), Parametric mechanism for the formation of Jovian millisecond radio bursts,

The ion cyclotron waves instability near the frequencies of ionic cyclotron harmonics is studied under conditions typical for the Jovian kilometer radio emission source. This instability is caused by the presence of the ions with a nonequilibrium loss cone-type distribution function in the source. Expressions for the growth rate of the ion cyclotron wave's instability are obtained, and it is shown that the amplification of these waves significantly increases when the frequency of the lower-hybrid resonance coincides with one of the ion cyclotron harmonics. Possible mechanisms for conversion of the ion cyclotron waves excited in the Jovian kilometer radio emission source into electromagnetic radiation are discussed. It is shown that the conversion of ion cyclotron waves, due to their coalescence with high-frequency plasma waves, is possible only into ordinary electromagnetic waves, while the process capable of providing conversion of ion cyclotron waves into fast extraordinary electromagnetic waves is scattering by suprathermal electron fluxes. In the latter, despite the thermal spread of electron velocities, the radiation that leaves the source region is concentrated in a narrow frequency range Δ ≪ near the local gyrofrequency ≃ Be , and the polarization of this radiation corresponds to the extraordinary wave. The estimates of the electron energy, which is necessary for such conversion, have shown the possibility of the process realizing under conditions characteristic for the Jovian kilometer radio emission source.