Background: One of the most promising alternative biofuels, competitive with regular petrol, diesel or jet fuel is biodiesel, especially derived from plant oils. Until now, various technological approaches, as well as oil sources, have been proposed for biodiesel production, but an industrially scalable technology with high end-product quality and production efficiency has not been developed and brought to the market yet. Biodiesel is produced in Europe and North America mainly from rapeseed, or canola, sunflower and soybean oil. However, other underutilized plant species could also be considered as potential oil feedstocks for biodiesel. The great perspective holds Brassicaceae family, especially such species as false flax (Camelina sativa) and Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata), but many other Brassicaceae crops are still out of sight. Objectives: This research has been conducted aiming to identify and compare the productivity of several Brassicaceae crops (camelina or false flax (C. sativa), turnip rape (B. campestris), oil radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleifera) and tyfon (B. rapa ssp. oleifera f. biennis × (ssp. rapifera × ssp. pekinensis)), that are suitable for biodiesel production under conditions of temperate climate regions (Northern America, Europe); and to obtain biodiesel by transesterification of fatty acids present on these species using bioethanol. Methods and Materials: Seed oil content, yield and fatty acid profiles have been studied and analysed in different genotypes of C. sativa (10), winter (6) and spring (4) B. campestris, R. sativus var. oleifera (8) and tyfon (5). The most productive crops have been identified: false flax variety ‘Evro-12’ (1620 kg of oil per hectare) and ‘Peremoha’ (1657 kg/ha); winter turnip rape variety ‘Oriana’ (1373 kg/ha), oil radish variety ‘Kyianochka’ (1445 kg/ha) and tyfon varieties ‘Fitopal’ (1730 kg/ha) and ‘Obriy’ (1860 kg/ha). According to chromatographic analysis results, oils of winter turnip rape and tyfon contain high levels (38-42,8%) of erucic (22:1) acid, while oils from spring turnip rape, false flax and oil radish possess high amounts of short-chained fatty acids (not longer than C18) – up to 85,37% in camelina breeding line FEORZhYaFD. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) were produced from oil of best genotypes and proved to comply with all main quality requirements for diesel. Results: Moreover, a new solvent-based technology of high-yield (up to 96%) FAEE production, has been firstly proposed for C. sativa oil conversion. Conclusion: Best genotypes that can be used as a plant oil source for biodiesel production have been identified for camelina, turnip rape, oil radish and tyfon species. The data obtained on seed oil content, yield and fatty acid profiles suggested that they are: false flax – breeding form FEORZhYaFD; winter turnip rape - variety ‘Oriana’; oil radish - variety ‘Rayduha’ and tyfon hybrid - variety ‘Fitopal’. Biodiesel samples obtained from these plants fit the Ukrainian standards for diesel fuel and can be used in car engines. The proposed new technological approach to produce fatty acid ethyl esters allows to reduce reaction time and to increase esters yield and quality.
Aim. Main aim of this research was a comparison of fatty acid composition for seed oils from of turnip rape breeding forms and varieties produced in M.M. Gryshko Natl. Botanical Garden of Natl. Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. Biochemical analysis of oil content as well as chromatographic analysis of fatty acid composition of mentioned above turnip rape genotypes were conducted out. Results. Oil content in seeds of spring (Brassica campestris f. annua D.C.) and winter (B. campestris f. biennis D.C.) turnip rape forms and varieties was determined. The highest oil content was indicated for winter variety Oriana – 38.1 %. Basing on chromatographic analysis indicated two types of fatty acid composition: high-erucic with content of 22:1 fatty acid up to 42.8 % and high-oleic with content of 18:1 fatty acid up to 46.92 %. Conclusions. Taking in account results of chromatographic analysis and agronomic productivity the best genotypes for biodiesel production were identified: winter variety Oriana and spring form EOSYaF-1. Chosen genotypes could be used for production of two different types of this biofuel – “light” and “heavy”, – according to difference in fatty acid composition.Keywords: Brassicaceae, turnip rape, spring varieties, winter vatieties, oil, fatty acids, composition, biodiesel.
Aim. Main aim of this research was a comparison of fatty acid composition in seed oil from breeding forms and varieties of hybrid culture tyfon (B. rapa ssp. oleifera f. biennis × (B. rapa ssp. rapifera × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis)) produced in M.M. Gryshko Natl. Botanical Garden of Natl. Academy of Sci. of Ukraine and its parental genotypes: turnip rape and hybrid Holland greens. Methods. Biochemical analysis of oil content as well as chromatographic analysis of fatty acid composition of tyfon were conducted out. Results. Oil fatty acids profiles of tyfon (B. rapa ssp. oleifera f. biennis × (B. rapa ssp. rapifera × B. rapa ssp. pekinensis)) were determined. The highest content of erucic acid was 42.8 % in cultivar Fitopal, the highest content of oleic acid (20.02 %) was in oil of breeding form EOTFVS. Highest content of gondoic acids was indentified in oil of breeding form EOTFV (11.46 %). Conclusions. Taking in account the results of chromatographic analysis the best genotypes for biodiesel production were identified: cultivar Fitopal and breeding form EOTFVS due to their highest content of erucic acid (42.8 % and 41.63 %) and lowest content of linolenic acid (6.99 % and 6.6 %). Keywords: Brassicaceae, hybrid, tyfon, winter vatieties, oil, fatty acids, composition, biodiesel.
Aim. Main aim of this research was a comparison of fatty acid composition for seed oils from oil radish breeding forms and varieties produced in Natl. Botanical Garden of Natl. Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. Biochemical analysis of oil content as well as chromatographic analysis of fatty acid composition of oil radish and its genotypes were conducted out. Results. Oil content in seeds of oil radish (Raphanus var. oleifera sativus L.) was determined. The highest oil content was indicated for variety Kyyanochka – 42 %. Basing on chromatographic analysis of fatty acids of oil radish genotypes most optimal fatty acid composition for biodiesel production was identified in Kyyanochka variety due to high content of short-chained and monounsaturated fatty acids and highest oleic (18:1) acid content – 37.89 %. Conclusions. Taking in account results of chromatographic analysis and agronomic productivity the best genotype for biodiesel production were identified: variety Kyyanochka. Chosen genotype could be used for production of light types of biofuel which have potential to be used as additive for aviation fuel according to the optimal fatty acid composition Keywords: Brassicaceae, oil radish, varieties, breeding forms, oil, fatty acids, biodiesel production.
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