Plastic is one of the most demanded materials on the planet, and the increasing consumption of which contributes to the accumulation of significant amounts of waste based on it. For this reason, a new approach to the development of these materials has been formed: the production of polymers with constant operational characteristics during the period of consumption and capable of then being destroyed under the influence of environmental factors and being involved in the metabolic processes of natural biosystems. The paper outlines the prerequisites for the development of the field of creating biodegradable composite materials, as well as the main technical solutions for obtaining such polymeric materials. The main current solutions for reducing and regulating the degradation time of polymer materials are presented. The most promising ways of further development of the field of bioplastics production are described. Common types of polymers based on renewable raw materials, composites with their use, and modified materials from natural and synthetic polymers are considered.
The paper dwells upon asymmetrical triazines as plant growth regulators. It presents in vitro and in vivo tests of 1,2,4-triazine compounds. The authors have developed a mathematical model to predict growth promotion, which serves as the basis of the proposed algorithm for projecting the biological efficacy of nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
Establishing the relationship between the structure of solids, on the one hand, and macroscopic physical properties, on the other, makes it possible to obtain detailed information about the structure and nature of interactions in the system involved. The solution to this problem makes it possible to formulate recommendations for the creation of materials with specified properties. In this work, much attention is paid to polymer films of syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (1,2-SPB). The properties of polymer films differ from the properties of bulk materials of the same chemical composition as films. The polymer (1,2-SPB) has an amorphous, irregular structure and, due to its significant irregular structure and makeup, has important electrical, physical and chemical properties. Its physical properties make this polymer promising for use in various fields of mechanical engineering, agriculture, construction, and healthcare. The paper reports the results of a study of relaxation processes by the method of thermoactivation spectroscopy of a relatively new polymer - syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene. The mechanisms of deformation and relaxation polarization are described and studied in detail. A technique for preparing samples and processing the experimental results of the dielectric characteristics of polymer films are described. Dielectric measurements were performed using a standard R-571 bridge. Experimental temperature dependences of dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and loss tangent before and after exposure to a high-frequency electromagnetic field are shown. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) survey of a 1,2-SPB polymer film is presented. Particle analysis by AFM provides a unique opportunity to determine the size and shape of particles.
In order to expand the possibilities of practical application of polymeric materials we studied syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (1,2-SPB). The experimental procedure and the MV-002 device for determining the breakdown voltage and electrical breakdown of a polymer are described in detail. Mathematical models of the dependence of the breakdown voltage of the polymer on the frequency and magnitude of the electrical breakdown of the polymer on the thickness of the sample have been built and studied. Regression analysis was used for mathematical data processing. The reliability of the results obtained is proved by the methods of test statistics.
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