Certain risk factors for poor adherence to CR should be assessed and monitored by health professionals. Future studies should address the methodological difficulties present in previous research. Recommendations are made for standardizing methods in future research.

The implementation of comprehensive EI teams can have a major impact in improving functional recovery outcomes in psychosis and reducing inpatient admissions. Partial implementation using limited funding of specialist workers in collaboration with traditional care appeared to have a more limited effect on these recovery dimensions. The implementation of targeted EI in psychosis strategies can result in substantive functional benefits.

Patients report a wide variety of emotional responses following stroke. Some individuals find the process of adjusting to their changed circumstances extremely difficult, while others cope well. Predicting and understanding patients' adjustment to stroke therefore poses challenges within rehabilitation settings. While research has revealed some of the variables associated with increased emotional distress (i.e., post-stroke depression) after stroke, a general model of post-stroke emotional adjustment has not yet been put forward. This article proposes that the Social Cognitive Transition model provides a sound theoretical basis upon which to build an understanding of post-stroke adjustment. The essential elements of a Social Cognitive Transition Model for Stroke are summarised, and clinical examples are used to discuss this model. The implications for psychological assessment, formulation and treatment are also discussed.

Complex cognitive impairments are common after stroke and they can significantly impede individuals' progress in rehabilitation. Treatment strategies that allow patients to compensate for such deficits are therefore an important part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation, as acknowledged by various clinical guidelines. In part due to the heterogeneity of poststroke cognitive impairments, the evidence base for treatments in this area is often unclear or inconsistent. There are no straightforward clinical tools or guidelines available to facilitate poststroke cognitive rehabilitation across cognitive domains. The present article proposes a cognitive assessment and rehabilitation pathway for stroke (CARPS), which aims to provide a structure to guide stroke rehabilitation teams in this difficult area of clinical practice. Practical treatment strategies are also discussed in some detail. Finally, the limitations of the proposed pathway are acknowledged, as is the importance of further research.

Aim: We aimed to establish the relative proportions of all diagnoses in people aged 14-35 years presenting to an early intervention in psychosis service, and to compare demographic variables, symptoms and outcomes between the bipolar psychoses and other psychoses at 3-6 months and 1 year post referral. Methods:Prospective 3-to 6-month diagnostic and symptomatic assessments were carried out. Diagnoses were established using the Diagnostic Interview for Psychoses -Diagnostic Module. Symptoms and outcomes were assessed using standardized instruments at 3-6 months and 1 year. Bipolar diagnoses were grouped together in a bipolar group (n = 16) and compared with all other diagnoses, in a non-bipolar group (n = 62). Parallel analysis was carried out using groups of lifetime elevated, expansive or irritable mood (n = 32) and no lifetime elevated, expansive or irritable mood (n = 46).Results: Bipolar disorders account for 20.5% of all new presentations to our service. Differences in outcomes over the range of psychotic diagnoses relate to early presence of negative symptoms. Psychoses with bipolar diagnoses or lifetime elevated, expansive or irritable mood showed lower rates of negative symptoms than other psychoses and had a higher quality of life and higher function at 3-6 months and 1 year. Conclusions:Planning for future early intervention services should take the high rate of affective psychoses and their need for diagnosisspecific, evidence-based treatments into account. Lifetime elevated, expansive or irritable mood may predict improved outcomes in early psychoses, possibly mediated by lower levels of negative symptoms.

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