Nowadays in information security user authentication is a very important task. In most of the computer, user authentication depends on the alphanumeric username and password. It means text-based password. But, this is not highly secure because of hackers can easily break the password. Brute force attack, dictionary attack, guessing attack etc. these all are some possible attacks on the password. If the user chooses a difficult password to prevent the system from the attackers which is very much harder for the user to remember such a difficult password. So, to resolve this problem introduced a new technique called graphical password authentication. This paper presents a detailed survey of user authentication techniques using a graphical password. It contains basically two type approaches. They are recognition-based and recall-based approaches. This survey discusses the different techniques about Graphical password authentication and their advantages and limitations. The survey provides a roadmap for the development of new graphical authentication scheme.
Microfinance as a financial tool has also seen ups and downs. During 2011, market commentators predicted the end of India's microfinance market but as on 31 March 2014, there were more than 74.30 lakh savings-linked SHGs, covering over 9.7 crore poor households. The total savings of these SHGs with banks amounted to ` 9897.42 crore. The number of credit-linked SHGs under the programme was 41.97 lakh. In 2011, the government of the state of Andhra Pradesh was seeking to prohibit the microloans business. After the crisis, RBI has handled the sector very vigilantly, carefully and very thoughtfully. The National Bank continued to provide 100 per cent refinance assistance to banks for financing SHGs. The SHG-Bank Linkage Programme (SHG-BLP) has expanded substantially since it was first launched on a pilot scale in 1992. The geographical spread of the movement has also been quite impressive from an essentially Andhra Pradesh -Karnataka phenomenon in the beginning now spreading to even the most remote corners of India. This paper tries to address impact of microfinance on women self help group members in comparison with non-beneficiaries of the microfinance schemes. Study found that the impact of microfinance on rural women economic condition is positive and microfinance is reforming their life.
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