Surgical minilaparotomy technique of Tenckhoff catheter placement is rarely practiced by nephrologists. There is a scarcity of data comparing technique and outcomes of surgically inserted peritoneal dialysis catheters by surgeon and nephrologist. We retrospectively analyzed 105 Tenckhoff catheters inserted by surgical minilaparotomy (”S” [surgeon], n = 43 and “N” [nephrologist], n = 62) in end-stage renal disease. Comparative analysis of surgical technique, survivals, and complications between both groups was done. “N” group observed two major advantages; shorter break-in (P < 001) and early continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis rehabilitation. Cumulative catheter experience was 1749 catheter-months: 745 and 1004 catheter-months in “S” and “N” groups, respectively. “N” group had a better overall catheter and patient survival, and a statistically insignificant mechanical complications, seen mostly in obese and post-abdominal surgery patients, without fatality or catheter loss. Peritonitis rates (P = 0.21) and catheter removal due to refractory peritonitis (P = 0.81) were comparable. The technique used is practical and aids early break-in, yields better results, and later on, helps in easy and uncomplicated PDC removal as and when indicated. Mechanical complications, mostly bleeding, were managed conservatively without any catheter or patient loss. This method should be encouraged among nephrologists and nephrology residents.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a standard renal replacement therapy, but there is a lack of consensus for catheter insertion method and type of catheter used. We retrospectively analyzed 140 peritoneal dialysis catheters (PDC) inserted in 139 CAPD patients by two methods; percutaneous (Group “P,” n = 47) and surgical mini laparotomy (Group “S,” n = 93) technique over a 39-month period, with cumulative experience of 2415 catheter-months: 745 catheter-months for Group “P” and 1670 catheter-months for Group “S.” Break-in period was shorter in Group “P” (P = 0.002) whereas primary nonfunction rate was comparable (P = 0.9). The mean catheter survival was better in Group “S” (17.95 ± 10.96 months vs. 15.85 ± 9.41 months in “P” group, P = 0.05) whereas the death-censored and overall catheter survival was comparable in both groups. PDC removal due to refractory peritonitis was also comparable. Mechanical complications were more in “P” group (P = 0.049), leading to higher catheter removal (P = 0.033). The peritonitis rates were higher in “P” group (1 episode per 24.8 catheter-months vs. 1 episode per 34.8 catheter-months in “S” group, P = 0.026) and related to a higher number of rural patients in the group (P = 0.04). Patient survival was comparable. There was no effect on episodes of peritonitis in those CAPD patients who had diabetic etiology or prior hemodialysis catheter-related sepsis, age, and PDC insertion method.

Introduction: Peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) placement for chronic kidney disease (CKD) amongst overweight and obese patients is difficult owing to deeper operating field. Literature being discordant on survival and complications in this patient subset, we attempted to analyse this research question in Indian population. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed PDC inserted by nephrologist using surgical minilaparotomy for survivals and complications amongst 'overweight and obese' cohort ('O') at two tertiary care government hospitals in India, and compared results with normo-weight cohort ('N'), with 12−36 months follow-up. Results: 245 PDCs were inserted by surgical minilaparotomy and 'N' to 'O' ratio was 169:76. 'O' group were more rural residing ( P = 0.003) and post-abdominal surgery ( P = 0.008) patients. The 1, 2, and 3-year death censored catheter survival rate was 98.6%, 95.8%, and 88.2% respectively in 'O' group, and 97.6%, 94.5% and 91.8% in 'N' group respectively ( P = 0.52). Patient survival ( P = 0.63), mechanical complications ( P = 0.09) and infective complications ( P = 0.93) were comparable despite technically challenging surgery in 'O' group. Refractory peritonitis related PDC removal was comparable ( P = 0.54). Prior haemodialysis or catheter related blood stream infections or diabetes were non-contributory to results. Conclusions: Catheter survival and patient survival amongst obese and overweight CAPD patients was non-inferior to normal weight patients. Mechanical, and infective complications were comparable despite technically challenging abdominal terrain in 'O' group. The overall CAPD performance was good amongst obese and overweight.

Background: India is a vast country with four geographical zones. Zonal heterogeneity amongst prevalent adult glomerular diseases is expected and has not been analysed in past studies.Methods: We conducted clinico-histological correlation of 290 kidney biopsies for adult glomerular diseases (GD) at tertiary teaching hospital in Eastern India between January 2013 and December 2015 and compared our data with biopsy data from other geographical zones in India to evaluate zonal variability (intra/inter) of adult glomerular diseases.Results: Males dominated all clinical syndromes except subnephrotic proteinuria (SbNP). IgA Nephropathy (IgAN, 41.1%) and Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, 17.3%) were prevalent primary GD whereas Lupus nephritis (LN, 52.2%) and diabetic nephropathy (DN, 23.9%) were prevalent secondary GD. IgAN (44.4%) and LN (33.2%) dominated SbNP group whereas FSGS (30.2%) and Membranous nephropathy (MGN, 22.3%) dominated nephrotics. Mean eGFR (CKD-EPI) amongst EyRD and RPRF was 39.6±12.9 and 6.2±2.9 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. In contrast, biopsies from East India showed MCD prevalence, followed by FSGS. Kidney biopsy data from West India showed MCD prevalence whereas Northern India and South India studies showed FSGS and MCD prevalence, but later data showed an IgAN emergence, as in our data.Conclusions: There is considerable heterogeneity in prevalent adult glomerular diseases in different geographical zones (inter and intra) in India. FSGS and MCD were the most prevalent in all zones. Our study showed IgAN prevalence in East Zone, similar to South India. Reason was, increased number of kidney biopsies in EyRD (eGFR 30-60 ml/min) and subnephrotic proteinuria.