Myelography with iohexol (180 mg iodine/ml, 0.25 ml/kg), a new nonionic radiologic contrast medium, was performed in 100 dogs of 33 different breeds. In 96 of the dogs the iohexol mixed evenly with the cerebrospinal fluid, providing an homogeneous, continuous column of contrast medium within the subarachnoid space, and a radiologic diagnosis of a normal myelogram or disease involving the spinal cord was made. Pooling of iohexol in the dorsal part of the subarachnoid space occurred in four dogs; whether this was related to poor mixing of contrast medium with cerebrospinal fluid or disease of the spinal cord and meninges requires further study. Postmyelographic signs of central nervous system irritation (fasciculations of the temporal muscles and three episodes of seizure activity) were observed in only one dog and were controlled with diazepam. The presenting neurologic signs were aggravated after myelography in four other dogs, two of which were eventually killed. This study provided further evidence of the increased safety of iohexol compared with metrizamide, the first of the nonionic media, as a contrast medium for myelography in the dog.
Gastrografin (diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium solution) was used to evaluate its performance as a gastrointestinal‐tract contrast medium in ten cats. It was administered through an orogastric tube to ketamine hydrochloridesedated, nonatropinized, mature cats at a dose rate of 22 mg/kg. Gastric emptying and largeintestinal filling were observed within 30–60 minutes in seven cats and in 120 minutes in the remaining three cats. The mucosal detail of the small intestine was poor, being represented by a homogeneous “halo” of decreased radiodensity surrounding the more radiodense intestinal luminal contents. The contrast medium refluxed into the esophagus in six cats. Some contrast medium precipitated in the stomach and small intestines in all ten cats. Urinary‐tract opacification occurred in all cats and was first seen 60 minutes after Gastrografin was administered. Gastrografin satisfactorily opacifies the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract of cats. It has physical and physiologic characteristics that preclude its use for routine gastrointestinal contrast studies. These characteristics are reviewed in this article.
Erythrocyte aplasia was diagnosed in a 6-year-old dog which had severe non-regenerative anaemia with depletion of erythroid cells in the bone marrow but normal production of granulocytes and platelets. Treatment with blood transfusions, testosterone and dexamethasone was unsuccessful. The dog died 46 days after initial examination as a result of anaemia, transfusion reactions, and toxaemia from an ascending urinary tract infection.
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