Nearly four fifths of National Football League running backs and wide receivers who sustain an anterior cruciate ligament injury return to play in a game. On return to competition, player performance of injured players is reduced by one third.

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Players undergoing microfracture for knee chondral injuries are at risk for not returning to the National Basketball Association postoperatively. With the exception of points per game, athletes returning exhibited similar performance postoperatively compared with matched controls.

Most major league pitchers return from ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction by the second season after surgery with no statistical change in mean innings pitched, earned run average, or walks and hits per inning pitched from preinjury levels.

Compiled data and frequency-weighted means demonstrated improvement in shoulder function, range of motion, strength, and pain relief after latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for irreparable rotator cuff tears. Patients and physicians should not expect an outcome of "normal" function or complete pain relief.